"Este trabajo propone analizar la representación de la pobreza como fenómeno social, desde la perspectiva de los medios de comunicación. Para este caso, se analizaron algunas notas de prensa del diario El Espectador, publicadas entre finales del 2013 y principios del 2014, en las que el término
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de pobreza evidenció diversos sentidos, que dan forma a políticas públicas o modos de vida que afectan a los sectores clasificados bajo este concepto. Se realizó una clasificación de estrategias discursivas existentes y se identificó cuáles habían sido utilizadas en las notas; luego, la información presentada mediante estas fue contrastada con la realidad social del país. Posteriormente, se revisaron estos conceptos a la luz de un marco teórico que aborda los temas de: pobreza, estrategias discursivas, representaciones lingüísticas, teorías de la comunicación y periódicos digitales. Una vez establecidas algunas referencias teóricas, se hizo posible relacionar las intencionalidades que posan detrás de las estrategias empleadas, lo cual permitió observar cómo la pobreza se convierte en un fenómeno social que se debate entre la ficción y la realidad." (Resumen)
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"In Blaming the Victim, Jairo Lugo-Ocando sets out to deconstruct and reconsider the variety of ways in which the global news media misrepresent and decontextualise the causes and consequences of poverty worldwide. The result is that the fundamental determinant of poverty - inequality - is removed f
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rom their accounts. The books asks many biting questions. When - and how - does poverty become newsworthy? How does ideology come into play when determining the ways in which 'poverty' is constructed in newsrooms - and how do the resulting narratives frame the issue? And why do so many journalists and news editors tend to obscure the structural causes of poverty? In analysing the processes of news production and presentation around the world, Lugo-Ocando reveals that the news-makers' agendas are often as problematic as the geopolitics they seek to represent." (Publisher description)
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"How are marginalized peoples and places framed in their dominant national media? Framing theory applied through a comparative narrative analysis of 313 news articles, 291 photos and 1051 telenovela scenes allowed Brazilian media representations of a marginalized people, favelados, and marginalized,
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contested spaces, favelas, to be juxtapositioned. ‘Organizing principles’ communicated through media reports and stories of these marginalized groups operated to shape a certain social reality within the nation-state of Brazil. The salient latent frames 'Abandoned favelas and favelados' and 'Favela life is ideal father-led life' percolated from news and novela reports, respectively. That the timing of news reports and photos with telenovela production were concurrent, yet the manifest media framing of these people and places proved so radically different, makes this study interesting. More importantly, while the telenovela initially appeared as the more progressive storyteller, latent framing across media platforms harmonized hegemonically, retrogressing Brazilian storytelling to its paternalistic past." (Abstract)
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"This article explores how the U.S. news media construct the topic of hunger in Africa for U.S. audiences. Specifically, the article addresses how newspapers define and delimit the relationship between U.S. citizens and foreign sufferers. Through a framing analysis and critical discourse analysis of
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randomly sampled newspaper stories, the author finds that while news articles covering hunger in the United States usually frame the problem as pertinent to the public sphere, the victim as worthy of political action, and the reader as political agent, articles covering hunger in Africa frame the issue as irrelevant to the public sphere, the victim as removed from political action, and the reader as politically impotent. Interviews with journalists are used to understand why discrepancies occur." (Abstract)
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"Based on an extensive ethnographic study of television and audiences in class-divided Philippines, this is the first book to take a bottom-up approach in considering how people respond to images and narratives of suffering and poverty on television. Arguing for an anthropological ethics of media, t
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his book challenges existing work in media studies and sociology that focuses solely on textual analysis and philosophical approaches to the question of representing vulnerable others. Current questions in media ethics, such as whether to portray sufferers as humane and empowered individuals or show them ‘at their worst’ have so far used textual and visual analyses to convey the researcher’s own moral position on the matter. In contrast, this book, inspired by the anthropology of moralities, accounts for the different interpretations and moral positions of audiences, who are positioned in various degrees of social and moral proximity to those they see and hear on television. Winner of the 2016 Philippine Social Science Council Excellence in Research Award." (Publisher description)
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"This article examines the discourse surrounding Kibera, a highly populated low-income community in Nairobi, Kenya. Based on 11 months of fieldwork and interviews with 56 Kibera residents, this article discusses the disconnect between the lives experienced by residents and the hyperbolic and essenti
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alised discourse that depicts Kibera as a community defined by sickness, crime and despair. While residents do not deny many of the hardships that are central to the Kibera discourse, they articulate maisha mtaani [life in the neighbourhood] as complex, diverse and contextual. Sadly, several groups that claim to serve the good of Kibera are partially responsible for perpetuating this harmful discourse. In fact, some NGOs, journalists and residents benefit from reproducing a discourse that actively marginalises Kibera and its people." (Abstract)
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"Sprache kann abwertend, diskriminierend oder rassistisch sein, wenn nicht sensibel mit ihr umgegangen wird. Sprache trägt dazu bei, Vorurteile zu verfestigen oder aber im Gegenteil, Vorurteile abzubauen und negative Wahrnehmungen zu verändern. Ziel dieses Leitfadens ist es, Anregungen für eine r
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espektvolle Armutsberichterstattung durch einen bewussten Umgang mit Sprache und Bildern zu geben. Er wurde gemeinsam mit Menschen mit Armutserfahrung erarbeitet. Folgende Aspekte der Armutsberichterstattung werden behandelt: 1. Menschen, 2. Bilder, 3. Sprache, 4. Fakten/Kontext." (Seite 4)
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"Through the efforts of increasingly media-aware NGOs, people in the west are bombarded with images of poverty and inequality in the developing world. Representations of Poverty is the first comprehensive study of the communications and imagery used by international NGOs to represent the developing
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world. In this meticulously researched and original book, Nandita Dogra examines the full cycle of representation - integrating analyses of the public messages of international development NGOs in the UK with the views of their staff and audiences. Exploring the Europeanised discourses inherent in appeals to this notion of a 'common humanity', she argues for a greater acknowledgment of NGOs as significant mediating institutions which can expand understandings of global inequalities and their historical causation." (Publisher description)
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"Se presenta un ejercicio de análisis crítico del discurso cuyo propósito es establecer las representaciones construidas por periodistas de opinión acerca de la pobreza, reproducidas en uno de los principales diarios de México en el momento estratégico de la crisis económica mundial de 2008-2
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009. Utilizando un andamiaje de niveles y categorías textuales, retóricas e ideológicas, se analizó un corpus de catorce piezas publicadas a lo largo de nueves meses. El análisis constata la utilización amplia de falacias y recursos retóricos dirigidos a construir una caracterización estereotípica de la pobreza, representando a los sujetos como víctimas sin agencia y carenciados particularmente en el plano material, elidiendo otras dimensiones de la problemática. La atribución reiterada de la pobreza al gobierno, sin explicaciones vinculantes con la crisis económica, apunta a que el abordaje del tema es un medio utilizado para criticar a las instituciones gubernamentales, más que un intento de explicación del mismo." (Resumen)
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"The Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment (ACODE) together with the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) organised a two and a half day training workshop from 20th to 22nd February 2013, for the Uganda-Poverty and Conservation Learning Group members (U-PCLG)
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and journalists from various electronic and print media houses. The major objectives of the workshop were: for the U-PCLG members to learn and acquire skills on how to become an effective policy advocacy network; for journalists to learn how to report on poverty and biodiversity conservation." (Background and Introduction, page 4)
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"This guide is designed to help facilitators and educators to engage with audiences. The aim is to deepen the understanding of the underlying causes of poverty and inequality as explored in the Why Poverty? films. Why Poverty? uses documentary film to get people talking about poverty. The collection
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is made up of eight long films and thirty-four shorts by award-winning filmmakers, as well as new and emerging talents. The stories, originating from twenty-eight countries, are moving and thought-provoking as they tackle big issues and pose challenging questions. In November 2012, these films were screened worldwide on more than seventy national television networks and are now available online and on DVD. It has been said that, in this century, we have the tools and potential to overcome extreme poverty. But poverty persists, and the gap between the poor and the wealthy continues to widen. The demographics of poverty are also changing, with new poverty emerging in the North and new wealth emerging in the previously poorer South. Poverty and inequality is global, and the causes for its continued existence are largely structural. The long films explore these structural causes, whether they are tax evasion by multinational companies, lack of land rights for the poor, unequal access to health care, or gender imbalance. The short films provide glimpses into people’s lives as they try to deal with poverty and inequality. All the films can be watched as separate and complete stories. But as a collection, they provide a great platform from which to delve into questions about why poverty still exists in a world of plenty." (Introduction)
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"A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a rede simbólica de enunciados construídos ao longo da história acerca das categorias pobre/pobreza e, mais precisamente, discutir os recentes discursos produzidos sobre esses grupos no âmbito da televisão brasileira, encontrando as continuidades e
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rupturas que se apresentam nessas formas de representação social que encontram na televisão um suporte dotado de técnicas e linguagem próprias. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica que se aproxima das questões conceituais determinantes da análise sobre pobreza, seus sujeitos e espaços de convivência, o trabalho também discute a natureza das representações sociais, a dinâmica das relações simbólicas que aportam padrões de sociabilidade; os sentidos atribuídos à classe social e os contornos que tal conceito adquire perante a organização da sociedade, bem como da construção e reconhecimento das identidades coletivas que se formam nesse contexto. O olhar pós-colonialista e os Estudos Culturais Latino-Americanos guiam essa análise e, a fim de compreender quais interpretações e percepções os sujeitos de baixa renda desenvolvem a partir da recepção de dicotômicas representações televisivas da pobreza. À análise do discurso do programa Esquenta!, soma-se o conteúdo analítico obtido a partir de entrevistas realizadas com jovens moradores de um bairro periférico de Goiânia." (Resumo)
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"This thesis considers how the mediation of poverty in Canada and the United Kingdom influences responses to the issue of poverty. The thesis focuses in particular on the issue dynamics concerning children as constructions of a “deserving poor” and immigrants as constructions of an “undeservin
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g poor”. A frame analysis of mainstream news content in both countries demonstrates the extent to which individualizing and rationalizing frames dominate coverage, and that the publication of the news online is not leading to an expansion of discourses, as hoped. A frame analysis of alternative news coverage and coverage from the 1960s and 70s demonstrates significant absences of social justice frames and rights-based discourse in contemporary coverage. I suggest that mainstream news coverage narrows and limits the way poverty is talked about in a way that reinforces the dominance of neoliberalism and market-based approaches to the issue. Interviews with journalists, politicians, researchers and activists collectively indicate that getting media coverage is essential to gaining political attention in both countries. These interviews also reveal the power dynamics influencing the relationships between these actors and the way the issue of poverty is approached. I argue that while new media tools create new opportunities to share information, these tools are also creating new pressures by speeding up the working practices in mediated political centres in a way that forecloses potentials to challenge dominant news coverage and approaches to poverty. However, this cross-national comparison also reveals context-specific factors influencing poverty politics in each country. I conclude that this analysis and comparison of poverty issue dynamics reveals shortcomings in the democratic processes in both countries. Changing poverty coverage and approaches to the issue will require changing specific media and political practices." (Abstract)
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"This book is a critical study of the political economy of communications in India. It explores the ways in which contexts, policies, and processes at national and international levels shape media structures and studies how a political economy-inspired approach can be used to understand both media d
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ominance and resistance. The author explores aspects of colonial political economy and how it has shaped the structure of media in India and in many other countries. It also discusses liberalization, privatization, and media politics in contemporary India. Divided into three sections—structures, means, and resistance—the chapters focus on both the electronic and the print media." (Publisher description)
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"Wie Armut in Medien ein Gesicht gegeben wurde, durch welche manifesten Kommunikationsinhalte sich auf gesellschaftliche Armutsverhältnisse rückschließen lässt, welche Rollen Medien und deren Konsum im Leben von Armutsbetroffenen einnehmen und wie es den medialen Mittlern von Armut ergeht: Diese
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n Fragen widmet sich diese Ausgabe anhand einzelner Kristallisationsmomente. Es sind Versatzstücke einer Kommunikationsgeschichte von Armut, die medien&zeit in historischer Erstreckung von 1900 bis heute aufblendet." (Editorial, Seite 3)
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"In Vorbereitung auf das Europäische Jahr gegen Armut und soziale Ausgrenzung (EJ 2010) gab das Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) im Herbst 2009 das Forschungsvorhaben „zum Umgang der Medien mit Armut und sozialer Ausgrenzung“ in Auftrag. Der Abschlussbericht zu diesem Forschung
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sprojekt wird hier vorgelegt. Auf der Basis einer umfangreichen Inhaltsanalyse von 17 ausgewählten journalistischen Nachrichtenmedien und Leitfaden gestützten Interviews mit 13 Journalistinnen und Journalisten dieser Medien wurden die formalen und inhaltlichen Charakteristika der Berichterstattung über Armut und Ausgrenzung erfasst sowie Erklärungsmuster über das Zustandekommen dieser Berichterstattung in den Redaktionen erhoben. Der vorliegende Bericht hat damit die Funktion einer Pilotstudie: Auf der Basis einer Auswahl von reichweitenstarken, überregionalen Medien und mit der Konzentration auf zwei Untersuchungswochen werden die grundlegenden Mechanismen der Berichterstattung über Armut umfassend nachvollzogen. Dabei werden Medienbeiträge dann als Armutsberichterstattung verstand en, wenn sie finanzielle und materielle Unterversorgung thematisieren oder einen Mangel an gesellschaftlichen Partizipationsmöglichkeiten beschreiben." (Kurzfassung, Seite 6)
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