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Expanding influences research to insecure democracies: How violence, public insecurity, economic inequality and uneven democratic performance shape journalists' perceived work environments

Sallie Hughes, Claudia Mellado, Jesús Arroyave, José Luis Benitez, Arnold de Beer, Miguel Garcés, Katharina Lang, Mireya Márquez-Ramírez

Journalism Studies, volume 18, issue 5 (2017), pp. 645-665

"Democracies with sharp violence and public insecurity have proliferated in recent decades, with many also featuring extreme economic inequality. These conditions have not been explicitly considered in comparative research on journalists' work environments, an omission that may obscure important rea ... more

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"Like Fish in Poisonous Waters": Attacks on Media Freedom in Somalia

New York: Human Rights Watch (2016), 85 pp.

"This report focuses on abuses by state and non-state actors against journalists and other media workers since 2014. It is based on over 50 interviews with journalists working throughout south-central Somalia and Puntland, the semi-autonomous state in northeastern Somalia. Beyond killings, attempted ... more

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Freedom of the Press 2016: The Battle for the Dominant Message

Jennifer Dunham

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2016), 28 pp.

"Global press freedom declined to its lowest point in 12 years in 2015, as political, criminal, and terrorist forces sought to co-opt or silence the media in their broader struggle for power. The share of the world’s population that enjoys a Free press stood at just 13 percent, meaning fewer than ... more

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On the Need to Amend Chapter XV of the Special Section of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

Lyudmila Mostepanyuk

Journal of Eastern European Law, volume 24 (2016), pp. 57-61

"The article deals with the issue of establishing criminal liability for crimes against journalists. Areas of research on this subject are identified. The basic research and publications on issues are reviewed. The need for introducing such liability is investigated. It is indicated that several spe ... more

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Stifling Dissent: The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in India

Human Rights Watch (2016), 117 pp.

"This report details how the criminal law is used to limit peaceful expression in India. It documents examples of the ways in which vague or overbroad laws are used to stifle political dissent, harass journalists, restrict activities by nongovernmental organizations, arbitrarily block Internet sites ... more

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"They Can Arrest You at Any Time": The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Burma

Linda Lakhdhir et al.

Human Rights Watch (2016), 87 pp.

"Focusing largely on the period since retired general Thein Sein assumed the presidency in 2011, the report provides an in-depth analysis of the Peaceful Assembly and Peaceful Processions Act, the Telecommunications Act, the News Media Law, the Electronic Transactions Act, and various Penal Code pro ... more

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The safety of Al Jazeera English journalists in Egypt

Andrea Baker

Global Media Journal - African Edition, volume 10, issue 2 (2016), pp. 68-91

"The imprisonment of Al Jazeera English (AJE) journalists (Australian Peter Greste, Egyptian-Canadian national Mohamed Fahmy, and Egyptian Baher Mohamed) in Egypt between 2013 and 2015 reflected the recent ten agenda items of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNES ... more

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Donkor: A case study of the safety of journalists in Ghana

Africanus L. Diedong

Global Media Journal - African Edition, volume 10, issue 2 (2016), pp. 92-120

"This paper argues that the safety of journalists in Ghana can no longer be taken for granted given the available evidence of physical attacks on journalists (Joint Statement NMC et al., 2016 and MFWA, 2016). The overarching objective of the study is to portray Donkor’s case as typical of similar ... more

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China’s Great Media Wall: The Fight for Freedom

Serenade Woo

Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2016), 68 pp.

"Press freedom in China, Hong Kong and Macau deteriorated further in 2015, as the Communist Party of China used every means at its disposal to control the media. Its ultimate target, as always, was to preserve its power in the mainland, extend its influence over Hong Kong and Macau, and tightly mana ... more

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Media Freedom Report 2015

Khashkhuu Naranjargal, Tumurbaatar Ayushjav, Dash Munkhburen

Ulaanbaatar: Globe International Center (2016), 23 pp.

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The Road to Resilience: Press Freedom in South Asia 2015-16

Laxmi Murthy (ed.)

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ);South Asia Media Solidarity Network (SAMSN) (2016), 113 pp.

"As we stand now, Pakistan’s media continues its stratospheric expansion, but in the midst of curbs and controls and ongoing safety issues. Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka are treading a precarious path to finding credible and independent spaces for the media against economic challenge and political c ... more

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Periodismo muerto: Más de mil periodistas asesinados en América Latina (1970-2015)
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México, DF: Editorial Planeta Mexicana (2016), 389 pp.

"Más de 1050 periodistas asesinados y desaparecidos (unos 22,8 casos al año) hicieron de América Latina el escenario más peligroso del mundo para el ejercicio profesional, entre 1970 y 2015, incluso en países sin guerras oficialmente aceptadas. Desde las dictaduras hasta el narcopoder, desde M� ... more

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"Keep the People Uninformed": Pre-Election Threats to Free Expression and Association in Uganda

Human Rights Watch (2016), 42 pp.

"[This publication] documents harassment and intimidation by government and ruling party officials against the media and civil society, particularly outside the capital, Kampala. The police, district officials, internal security officials, and the country’s broadcasting regulator visited and calle ... more

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"As Good as Dead": The Impact of the Blasphemy Laws in Pakistan

London: Amnesty International (2016), 66 pp.

"This report details how Pakistan’s blasphemy laws violate human rights, both in their substance and their application – whether this is violations of human rights by the state, or abuses of the laws by non-state actors. The laws do not meet human rights standards and lack essential safeguards t ... more

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"Stop Reporting or We'll Kill Your Family": Threats to Media Freedom in Afghanistan

Patricia Gossman

New York: Human Rights Watch (2015), 45 pp.

"Afghan journalists face threats from all sides: government officials exploiting weak legal protections to intimidate reporters and editors to compel them not to cover controversial topics; the Taliban and other insurgent groups using threats and violence to compel reporting they consider favorable; ... and police and justice officials letting threats, assaults, and even murders go uninvestigated and unprosecuted. Most of the threats come from individuals acting on behalf of powerful government officials or influential local actors, including militia leaders and so-called warlords. Violent attacks on journalists that go uninvestigated and unpunished reflect wider impunity and failure to establish the rule of law in Afghanistan. Afghan journalists often respond to the dangers with self-censorship. Many steer clear of reporting on sensitive issues—including corruption, land grabbing, violence against women, and human rights abuses—as a means to minimize safety risks. Kabul-based editors often avoid assigning stories that could put their reporters at significant risk. Editors and journalists told Human Rights Watch that self-censorship has become a survival mechanism for them. Those outside of the country’s main cities are especially vulnerable to reprisals from powerful individuals and groups because they are more exposed: they lack the protection provided by a larger Afghan media and international presence. The cultural and social conservatism of the provinces also contributes to the difficulty of reporting on controversial issues outside of the capital. The Taliban and other insurgent groups remain a potent source of intimidation and violence against journalists and media outlets. When the insurgency first emerged in 2002, journalists were among its early targets because the insurgents treated journalists as extensions of the Afghan government or Western military forces. However, in recent years, the Taliban and other insurgent groups have used the media as a propaganda platform, and actively court the press in their campaign against the government, including by pressuring reporters to cover their statements or not write articles deemed critical, sometimes with threats of violence. Female journalists in Afghanistan face particularly formidable challenges. In addition to the dangers facing all journalists, they must contend with social and cultural restrictions arising from being Afghan women in the workplace, which limit their mobility in urban as well as rural areas, and increase their vulnerability to sexual violence." (Summary, page 1-2) more

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Free Speech and Censorship Around the Globe
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Péter Molnár (ed.)

Budapest; New York: Central European University Press (2015), x, 552 pp.

"This is a book about free speech narratives. Stories about how imagination and rational thinking in wildly different cultures capture, imagine, and conceptualize what freedom of speech means. 1989 and 2011 are only two recent (in historic perspective) turning points when freedom of speech and freed ... more

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The Freedom Frontier: Press Freedom in South Asia 2014-15

New Delhi: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) Asia-Pacific (2015), 113 pp.

"The year under review in this report (May 2014 to April 2015) shows that journalists and media workers remain victims and, too often, targets in the deadly power struggles on which that they report. Within this time period, 14 journalists lost their lives, mostly in targeted attacks. Pakistan was t ... more

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Media Freedom as a Fundamental Right

Jan Oster

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2015), xlii, 292 pp.

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War on the Media: Journalists Under Attack in Libya

Human Rights Watch (2015), 50 pp.

"This report documents attacks against journalists and the offices and facilities of media outlets since the 2011 uprising, including threats, assaults, kidnappings, and killings and addresses the failure of the government to protect journalists and the media, and hold perpetrators of attacks on the ... more

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Attacks on the Press: Journalism on the World's Front Lines, 2015 Edition

Bill Sweeney (ed.)

New York: Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ);Wiley (2015), 256 pp.

Periodismo muerto: Más de mil periodistas asesinados en América Latina (1970-2015) Top Insights

Free Speech and Censorship Around the Globe Top Insights

Periodismo muerto: Más de mil periodistas asesinados en América Latina (1970-2015)
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Free Speech and Censorship Around the Globe
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