"As part of the process to develop food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) for Ghana, this rapid evidence review examined the nature, extent, sources, and medium of food and nutrition information dissemination and promotion in Ghana. PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Open Access Theses Dissertatio
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ns (OATD) databases were searched systematically using keywords to identify relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature. The review included 31 documents, after excluding 1,302 documents for ineligibility (based on irrelevant title, abstract, and duplicates). Limited reporting of undernutrition was found in print and electronic media. Unhealthy foods, including sugar-sweetened beverages, snacks, yogurt, instant noodles, candy/chocolate, and ice cream were frequently advertised through various communication media. Children are highly exposed to food advertisements, which target them. Promotional characters, animation, billboards, and front-of-store displays; product-branded books, and toys are common strategies for food marketing and advertisement in Ghana. The most frequently reported sources of health and nutrition information were television, radio, social media, health professionals, families, and friends. Children and adults experienced changes in food preferences and choices as a result of exposure to food advertised on television. The commonly used traditional media were radio and television; printed newspaper use has declined tremendously in the past decade. Social media use (particularly WhatsApp, Facebook, and YouTube) is highest in urban areas, and is growing rapidly; young adults are the most active users of social media platforms. Experts recommend regulation as a mitigation for nutrition miscommunication and inaccurate promotion. The current review highlights the need for regulation of food marketing, and advertisement to safeguard a healthy food environment in Ghana." (Abstract)
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"The revised edition of 20 Questions about Youth and the Media is an updated and comprehensive guide to today's most compelling issues in the study of children, tweens, teens and the media. The editors bring together leading experts to answer the kinds of questions an undergraduate student might ask
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about the relationship between young people and media. In so doing, the book addresses a range of media, from cartoons to the Internet, from advertising to popular music, and from mobile phones to educational television. The diverse array of topics include government regulation, race and gender, effects / both prosocial and risky,, kids' use of digital media, and the commercialization of youth culture. This book is designed with the undergraduate youth/children and media classroom in mind, and features accessible writing and end-of-chapter discussion questions and exercises." (Publisher description)
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"Media, Audiences, Effects teaches students how to evaluate media effects research and better understand the role media play in our everyday lives. This text introduces readers to more than 300 contemporary research studies focusing on twelve important topic areas, including television violence, gen
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der and ethnicity, sexuality and pornography, and advertising bans. It provides a framework for understanding how researchers study media effects and what mass communication theory and research tell us about the relationship between media and society." (Publisher description)
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"Enthält die Ergebnisse und eine Diskusion von zehn der wichtigsten Untersuchungen, die in den letzten Jahren zum Reality-TV, zur Nutzung von Informationssendungen im Fernsehen, zur Rezeption von Gewaltdarstellungen in Fernsehen, zum Umgang von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Werbung, sowie zu Jugends
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tilen und Medien durchgeführt wurden." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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