"The projects described in this booklet were carried out by IICD and its partners over a six-year period and provide examples of the many ways in which ICTs contribute to poverty alleviation in the agricultural sector. IICD hopes to contribute to a better understanding of the opportunities of employ
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ing ICTs and their contribution to reaching the MDGs in this specific sector." (Back cover)
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"This book is a review of 56 projects funded by the Pan-Asia ICT R&D Grants Programme for Asia-Pacific from 2002-2005. The aim of this book is to examine trends within these particular information and communications technology (ICT) projects in order to determine factors for success, and, common cha
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llenges. The underlying goal is to understand which projects have a lasting impact and can be replicated on a larger scale [...] In general, the review and analysis show that projects of particular value are those that increase access to information, improve efficiency, and support participation in civil society and governance initiatives. A key factor of success is projects that embrace participation and include a consultative process in their design, planning and implementation phases. However, the research showed that building partnerships and reaching common understandings throughout the planning of these initiatives was a complex and challenging undertaking. The importance of dissemination and marketing of project results is a common thread throughout each of the projects in this book. Some projects with successfully completed research objectives could not progress further without substantial promotional efforts. The analysis in this book also points to a range of strategies in which projects can be expanded on a larger scale. For example, project models can grow by moving to new locations thereby gaining momentum elsewhere." (Foreword)
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"Der „Digital Divide“ in Subsahara Afrika ist groß, nicht zuletzt wegen der (halb-)staatlichen Monopolgesellschaften, welche das Kommunikationsfestnetz in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten mehr schlecht verwaltet als gut bewirtschaftet haben und bis heute nur ca. 1,6% der Bevölkerung in Subsahara Af
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rika mit einem Festnetzanschluss versorgen konnten. Dadurch bleibt auch die Internetnutzung derzeit noch auf eine kleine Mittel- und Oberschicht in den urbanen Zentren in Subsahara Afrika beschränkt. Die schlechte Telekommunikationsinfrastruktur ist auch ein Grund weshalb E-Business in afrikanischen Unternehmen im formellen Sektor wenig verbreitet ist. Lediglich in südafrikanischen Unternehmen wird E-Business etwas häufiger eingesetzt. Das Internet dient dort in erster Linie zur E-Mail Kommunikation und zur Informationsrecherche. Webseiten und E-Commerce werden noch von weitaus weniger Unternehmen genutzt.
Die neuen Technologien sind aber auch eine „Digital Opportunity“ für die Region. Unternehmen welche E-Business einsetzen, realisieren durchaus Nutzeffekte. Außerdem zeigt die rasante Verbreitung von GSM-Handys, dass der Privatsektor in Subsahara Afrika dynamisch sein kann und viele schlummernden Potenziale hat, die zum Vorschein kommen, wenn die wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen stimmen und Wettbewerb in diesem Bereich nicht behindert wird. Sie hat auch gezeigt, dass selbst ärmere Bevölkerungsschichten über genügend Kaufkraft verfügen, um ausländische Investoren anzuziehen. Der formelle wie informelle Sektor profitiert von dem Ausbau des Mobilfunknetzes. Regionen, die lange Zeit isoliert waren, werden durch den Ausbau der Kommunikationstechnologie in regionale Wirtschaftskreisläufe nach und nach integriert. Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt sowohl, den Status Quo, die Erfolgsfaktoren und Wirkungen als auch interne wie externe Hindernisse bei der Ausbreitung und Verwendung von IKT im Wirtschaftsleben und zeigt Handlungsansätze auf." (Kurzfassung, Seite 2)
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"In 2006 IICD celebrates its 10th anniversary of working with Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) for development: ten very full years of working on people, ICT and development. And if one thing has become clear, it is that while ICT for develop ment forms the central theme in our work
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, the people are the key to our successes. Ultimately, our work is really all about people: their motivations, interests, capacities, achievements and difficulties. This booklet will demon strate what ICT can mean for our end-users, and cele brates how, over its first ten years, IICD has evolved to meet the challenges and take advantage of the opportunities in this field." (Foreword)
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"Since 2001, UNESCO has established more than 87 Community Multimedia Centres (CMCs) in over 22 developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean with major funding provided by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). The evaluation describes the initiative's ma
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in achievement: 'The CMCs are accepted by and fully integrated into the communities and can in many cases be sustained beyond the pilot phase without core operating grants. The effort and funding that UNESCO has channeled into this transformative initiative have been exceeded by the hard work and commitment of the CMC staff and the communities where they are based. Among other key findings, the evaluators clearly acknowledge the contribution of CMCs to local development, noting that longer term benefits are already being realized within individual communities, such as the gradual removal of barriers to social inclusion, the stimulation of poverty alleviation through access to knowledge of better health, resource management, agriculture practices and the creation of new livelihoods opportunities.CMCs are also recognized as critical tools for local communities to mediate changes brought on by globalization and the advent of new technologies: The CMC role in fostering cultural resilience. The capacity of a community to retain critical knowledge and at the same time adapt to external influences and pressures - is particularly remarkable. In addition to an extensive review of documentation, the evaluation used field research, interviews, questionnaires, an online survey, and case studies to review the CMC initiative, a flagship activity of UNESCO's Communication and Information Sector. Equitable and expanded access to ICTs is promoted in many ways, such as subsidized training for those with special requirements and/or marginalized groups; close work with schools, small businesses and the independent sector; or the provision of information to more remote communities through radio, says the evaluation report. The evaluation also points out challenges faced by the CMC initiative, including the strategic use of CMC networks as delivery mechanisms for development services, from projects and programmes of UN agencies and national governments to those of local civil society groups. Many challenges relate to sustainability of local facilities in low-income and least-developed localities. As CMCs depend on volunteers for the delivery of training, radio programming and other services, they face difficulties in finding appropriate incentives for volunteers and struggle with managing volunteer turnover. Another challenge consists of opportunities for networking and staff development, which to date have been limited. Evaluators point out the need for CMCs to learn from and access expertise more easily and systematically from each other in order to be sustainable. Enabling national policy environments are very important for the development and sustainability of CMCs. Sudden changes in national policies on connectivity charges can destabilize CMCs and broadcast licensing restrictions or restrictions on press freedom can prevent CMCs from being able to broadcast freely and to a broader constituency, says the report." (UNESCO website)
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"Since it was launched in 2000, the Bolivia Country Programme known as TICBolivia has helped over 50,000 people, mainly small farmers, teachers, students, indigenous leaders and local officials, use ICTs to improve their lives and contribute to their country’s development. All the ICT activities g
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enerated under the Country Programme have been developed by and for local people, with support and guidance from IICD and its enabling partners. The strategy has been to give local organisations the tools they need to develop the skills, knowledge and communications infrastructure required to set up a critical mass of locally-owned, sustainable ICT projects and activities in a specific sector such as education or good governance. Today, TICBolivia consists of fifteen projects, a training programme, networking activities, and monitoring and evaluation. The programme is active in three sectors: good governance, education and agricultural livelihoods. Among the participants in the programme are grassroots organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), government bodies, and private companies. By the end of 2004, 86 information access points had been set up throughout the country, 4,400 individuals had been trained in the use of ICT, and a national ICT for development (ICT4D) information network called ‘Red TICBolivia’ was sharing knowledge, working on sector strategies, generating national visibility for the programme and raising awareness of the important role that ICTs play in the nation’s development." (Introduction, page 3-4)
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"Inspired by innovations that emerged from the Kothmale Community Radio and Internet project, Sri Lanka, in 1999 and 2000, UNESCO has since established some fifty CMCs in a wide range of contexts in some twenty countries on three continents. In addition to new facilities and increased local capacity
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in communities around the world, pilot CMCs have involved a wide variety of partnerships, across all levels, and have led to an expanding number of creative and dynamic new initiatives and solutions in key areas, from content creation to financial and social sustainability. Significantly, the first phase of the CMC programme has also led to national ‘scale-up’ projects now underway in Mali, Mozambique and Senegal. This volume not only shares the context and experiences of UNESCO-supported CMCs, but is also intended to facilitate direct, practical cooperation between international and national agencies with CMCs at the ground level by providing a directory of local CMC services and contact information." (Foreword)
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