"This report makes a case for revitalizing investments in communication for immunization. It considers communication in a broad sense, including advocacy, social and community mobilization, and information, education, and communication (IEC) activities. It identifies communication challenges that af
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fect the success of immunization services; offers evidence of the contributions of communication activities; identifies lessons learned, and suggests ways in which communication can continue to strengthen immunization programs. Without well-planned, adequately funded strategic communication, immunization programs fall short of meeting and sustaining coverage goals. Communication is particularly needed to achieve vaccination coverage in hard-toreach populations and to build trust in vaccines among those who question them. Stakeholders also need to advocate for immunization programs to persuade governments, donors, and other actors to support vaccine programs vis-á-vis other health programs and priorities." (Page 2)
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"This Praxis Paper offers a brief overview of current thinking and practice in relation to the impact assessment of organisational capacity building interventions. The paper highlights some of the conceptual, methodological and practical challenges (issues of clarity, power and culture, among others
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) and then goes on to provide an overview of some of the practical approaches that have been adopted by NGOs and CSOs to overcome these challenges. It is a thought piece designed to engage practitioners (particularly those from developing and transitional countries) in a fruitful debate." (Executive summary)
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"Neue Entwicklungen im Bereich der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) bieten die Möglichkeit, den freien Zugang (open access) zu Informationen physisch zu erleichtern und neue Systeme und Netzwerke wissenschaftlicher und technologischer Innovationen zu etablieren. Insbesondere im Be
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reich des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens können elektronische Vertriebswege helfen, Entwicklungsländer an das globale Informationsnetz besser einzubinden und deren wirtschaftliche Situation zu stärken. Folgende positive Wirkungen für Entwicklungsländer lassen sich beispielhaft benennen: Erhöhung der Sichtbarkeit der Forschungsaktivitäten; Förderung des Informationsaustauschs sowohl unter Wissenschaftlern in Entwicklungsländern als auch mit Wissenschaftlern in den westlichen Ländern; Erhöhung der Attraktivität wissenschaftlicher Standorte und damit Verringerung der Abwanderung von Wissenschaftlern; Erschließung neuer Einnahmequellen für universitäre Einrichtungen durch die Etablierung von neuen Geschäfts- und Finanzierungsmodellen im Bereich des elektronischen Publizierens auf Basis der wissenschaftsgestützten Informationsversorgung. Bislang gibt es nur wenige Initiativen, die Wissenschaftler oder wissenschaftliche Institutionen in Entwicklungsländern bei der strukturierten elektronischen Veröffentlichung eigener Publikationen unterstützen. Dies mag zum Teil noch an den schlechten infrastrukturellen Voraussetzungen liegen, entscheidend sind aber mangelnde Kenntnis der Potentiale sowie unzureichende institutionelle und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen in den meisten Entwicklungsländern. Die Bundesregierung hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, durch wissenschaftlich-technologische Kooperation mit Entwicklungsländern deren Leistungsfähigkeit und damit die Entwicklung und den Wohlstand zu fördern. Die Wissenschaftlich technische Zusammenarbeit des BMBF ergänzt entwicklungspolitische Maßnahmen des BMZ in Partnerländern u.a. durch Auf- und Ausbau der wissenschaftlich-technologischen Infrastruktur. Zur Unterstützung wissenschaftsgestützter Publikationsprozesses im Rahmen der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit werden unterschiedliche Handlungsfelder dargestellt: Aufbau institutioneller Archive; Teilnahme an „Open Access Journals“; Entwicklung von Standards zum Austausch von Daten und für die Langzeitarchivierung, sowie Kompatibilität mit internationalen Standards; Aktivierung unterschiedlicher wirtschaftlicher und politischer Akteure auf allen Ebenen für die Unterstützung neuer Bibliotheken, fachspezifischer und regionaler Zugänge, neuer Mehrwertdienste und Geschäftsmodelle. Schlussendlich gibt die Studie zahlreiche Anregungen, wie Projekte im Bereich des elektronischen Publizierens konzipiert werden können." (Zusammenfassung)
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"Media support should have a long term approach (3-5 years); media support should be framed to capacity building related to media production supporting development of media management targeting mainly women; development of producer skills and screenwriting targeting women and young people; developme
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nt of civil society and its media capacity targeting especially Human Right focused organisations and associations; development of internal democracy in media entities, and development of a platform for young media producers in the Middle East and North Africa. Media support should mainly target the audiovisual media sector; Media support should promote exchange between different Arab regions and promote exchange between the Arab Region and the Western world." (Executive summay, page 13)
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"In many countries, dedicated plans and policies have been implemented to increase and develop the book publishing sector. In these interventions, books have been recognised as unique products deserving different and exceptional interventions. The salient issues pertaining to book development includ
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e: investment in local authorship and translations; adequate copyright protection; financial assistance to the private sector through subsidies, incentives etc. in various forms; identifying the factors influencing the cost of books and developing strategies to reduce these; securing the necessary political will so that the sector is afforded priority status; human resource development. A South African policy would need to include the above issues, and specific attention would also need to be paid to those factors that would ensure the active participation of those previously marginalised." (Executive summary, page 7-8)
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"To develop communication capacity specifically around adverse events following immunisation (AEFI), the UNICEF Regional Office for South Asia (ROSA) and the WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO) organized a joint regional workshop "Strategic Communication: Building Trust and Responding to
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Adverse Events Following Immunisation in South Asia", in New Delhi from 9 to 10 August 2004. This working paper synthesises the presentations and debates from the workshop." (Foreword)
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"This report outlines the findings and conclusions derived from the assessment mission undertaken by the ‘Partnership for Media and Conflict Prevention in West Africa’ to Liberia in December 2003. This mission brought together the expertise of a number of the national, regional and international
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media development and freedom of expression actors. The report seeks to layout collaborative approaches for supporting the media during the immediate and longer-term transition periods, both in terms of overcoming obstacles and developing capacities and resources, as well as contributing towards the creation of lasting peace, stability and democracy." (Executive summary, page 3)
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"In May 2003, UNESCO and Sida jointly organized a seminar on ”Assistance to Media in Tension Areas and Violent Conflict”, bringing together a select number of NGOs, UN agencies and donors for two main purposes: first, to discuss various experiences and perspectives on assistance to media in conf
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lict situations and, second, to highlight the key issues relevant to conflict management and media support. The seminar, held in Vaxholm outside Stockholm, generated a number of recommendations that aimed at combining conflict management strategies and press freedom principles. These recommendations will be incorporated into the planning process leading up to World Press Freedom Day 2004, to be organized by UNESCO in Belgrade on 3 May 2004. In addition, they will be included in follow up donor discussions. A comprehensive discussion paper was produced as background for the seminar’s deliberations. The booklet before you is a compilation of the discussion papers produced for the seminar, reflecting the outcomes of the discussions." (Foreword)
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"This paper focuses on the role that information and communication technologies (ICTs) can play in improving gender equality, so as to enhance long-term economic growth. Employing OLS and IV panel regressions with country fixed-effects, the paper shows that increases in the level of ICT infrastructu
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re tend to improve gender equality in education and employment. In addition, it shows that education among the general population is important for improving gender equality. The results provide evidence indicating that gender equality in education is an important contributor to gender equality in employment. Lastly, the results show that economic development itself tends to lead to some improvements in gender equality in the labor market. Hence, the use of ICTs to improve gender equality in education and employment may initiate a continuous cycle of positive reinforcing feedback effects between gender equality in employment and economic development, leading to further improvements in both." (Abstract)
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"SDC regards this brochure as a document for discussion and orientation on the place of the media in international development cooperation. It is seeking to establish a framework in order to stimulate activities within this domain … The existence of a pluralist and autonomous press (written, audio
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visual and new media), carrying on its business within a global framework of respect for freedom, is the most important contribution that the media can make to governance. Every endeavour made in this direction deserves to be sustained by bilateral and multilateral aid. Nevertheless, considerable prudence is called for, as problems relating to media freedom, defamation or free access to public information are extremely difficult to regulate. It is for the local partners, and media professionals in particular, who have the difficult task of achieving consensus. The methodological approach to international aid is therefore very important." (Page 4, page 16)
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"USAID’s assistance to the media sector, implemented through the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), directly contributed to the creation and continued functioning of two Kosovo-wide independent television stations, the terrestrial transmission network, and the news agency KosovaLiv
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e. Continued high levels of effort focused on TV21 and KTV, however, have overshadowed other important aspects of its Kosovo Independent Media Program (KIMP). This also created a continuing sense of entitlement by the larger recipients that has negated, to a large extent, IREX efforts to help them become self-sufficient and to improve the quality of their product. With the significant reduction in funding expected by USAID/Kosovo to implement its 2004-2008 strategy, the Assessment Team recommends that USAID refocus its assistance on strengthening the media as an integral system¾one that provides timely and quality information to citizens and which fulfills the media’s critical watchdog role." (Executive summary, pages iv-v)
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"1. USAID media assistance was effective in promoting and strengthening independent media [...] 2. Comprehensive training programs had multiplier effects on upgrading the professional skills of journalists and instilling the norms of free press. But they suffered from implementation problems [...] 3
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. The economic sustainability of the independent media outlets remained a major problem [...] 4. Progress promoting legal and regulatory reforms was slow and halting [...] 5. Donor coordination of media assistance was limited except in crisis situations [...] 6. USAID has not focused on community radio stations, which can promote both democracy and development in poor countries [...] 7. Built-in safeguards to ensure the independence and integrity of media programs from political manipulation and interference worked well [...] 8. Independent media building has served U.S. national interests." (Executive summary)
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"ICT has been widely used to positively affect economic development. Its applications provide access to worldwide information and allow for collaboration between people on different continents. Greater access to information and opportunities for collaboration can create job opportunities, 28 transfe
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r of skills, and greater efficiency and transparency in politics and business. This paper focuses on the linkage between ICT and output growth and summarizes the findings in the literature on the contributions to labor productivity growth from ICT-related capital deepening and ICT production. In developing countries, due to resource constraints, ICT’s contribution to overall economic growth is limited. Many developing countries face challenges because of their relatively small ICT investment and limited ability to achieve high ICT investment returns. Yet, opportunities exist to: strengthen institutions to create a business climate that attracts investment and promotes use; exploit network and spillover effects by creating domestic demand; promote “adaptation close to use” to match local potential and local needs. Implementing these policies would contribute to increased investment flows, greater returns on investments and sustainable economic growth. Moreover, ICTs can be used as tools to broaden, enrich and enlighten people and institutions in a way that expedites overall economic development." (Conclusion)
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