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The critical online diasporic infosphere and counter-public sustenance in an autocratizing society

Francis L. F. Lee, Chun Hong Tse

Information, Communication & Society, volume 28, issue 9 (2025), pp. 1590-1607

"This article conceptualizes the critical online diasporic infosphere as an online space constituted by diasporic media, exile media, and overseas-based influencers who share an oppositional orientation toward the home state. The infosphere proffers a constant stream of critical information and pers ... more

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Kulturtätige aus Belarus, Russland und der Ukraine zwischen Diaspora und Exil: Herausforderungen und Potenziale in den 2020er Jahren

Klara Koszarek

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2025), 66 pp.

"Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Entwicklungen der Diasporagemeinschaften aus Osteuropa, die in Deutschland und seinen östlichen EU-Nachbarländern seit 2020 an Größe und Bedeutung gewinnen – bedingt durch politische Krisen und Repressionen im autokratisch regierten Belarus und Russland u ... more

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Space for freedom: An assessment of the professional and operational requirements of exiled journalists from Belarus and Russia

Diana Shahbazyan

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2025), 30 pp.

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Navigating instability: A five-phase approach to supporting exiled media
Key Guidance

David Lush, Clare Cook

Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2025), 33 pp.

"In recent years, IMS has seen a steady increase in the number of its media partners forced to flee their home countries to avoid persecution and closure as the democratic space globally has shrunk. IMS expects this trend to continue, with “exiled media” becoming the main – and, in some cases, ... more

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Russische Medien außerhalb Russlands: Wer liest sie, und wozu benötigt man sie?

Ksenia Luchenko

Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2024), 10 pp.

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An unbroken spirit: Afghanistan exiled media since the Taliban takeover

Berlin: JX Fund (2024), 44 pp.

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Breaking newsrooms: Are Myanmar’s exiled journalists getting a fair deal?

Ye Mon, Ben Dunant

Frontier Myanmar (2024)

"Journalists are allegedly suffering exploitation and abuse at exiled news outlets, but there’s debate over whether the responsibility to respond falls on donors or a media industry that is taking gradual steps to self-regulate." (Introduction)

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‘Journalism in another form’: How exile experiences from Burundi renegotiate key elements of journalism

Louisa Esther, Richard H. Thomas

Media, War & Conflict, volume 18, issue 2 (2024), pp. 273-294

"Since the renewed outbreak of the ongoing crisis in Burundi in May 2015, triggering a media crackdown, over one-third of the country’s reporters have gone into exile. They therefore joined an increasing number of journalists worldwide who are forced into exile. Between 2015 and 2021, many of the ... more

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Silenced But Resilient: Belarusian Exiled Media since the 2020 Revolution

Berlin: JX Fund (2024), 45 pp.

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Bound by Exile: Exploring Kinship Dynamics and Role Perceptions among Diaspora Journalists

Tomás Dodds, Rana Arafat, Wang Ngai Yeung

Journalism Studies (2024), 20 pp.

"The escalating dangers journalists face globally have led to a marked increase in media professionals seeking safety away from their home countries. As a result, journalists are increasingly forced to choose between silence and survival, with many opting for the latter in the form of diaspora reloc ... more

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Expat Afghan Media and Local Media amidst Taliban Constraints

Ahmad Zubair Jamshidi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, volume 12, issue 1 (2024), pp. 141-149

"This research study delves into the intricate landscape of media in Afghanistan after 15 August 2021, focusing on the coexistence of local and Expat Afghan Media within the challenging context of Taliban constraints. In the wake of the Taliban's resurgence and control of Afghanistan, The challengin ... more

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The business of independent Myanmar media post-coup: Experimenting with business models inside the country and in exile

Jane Madlyn McElhone et al.

Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2024)

"More than three years after the coup, a significant majority of the 40 senior media executives interviewed for this report say they are still dependent, partially or fully, on grants to run their operations. While they cannot control the external factors impacting on their work, be that the conflic ... more

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Structuring Exiled Journalism in a More Authoritarian World

Mediation: Biannual Publication of Fondation Hirondelle, issue 13 (2024), 6 pp.

"Hundreds of endangered journalists living in authoritarian or conflict countries are forced into exile each year. And the phenomenon is growing. How can we organize collectively to protect them, help them recover and keep on doing their job from the host country?" (Page 1)

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Masters of Manipulation: Authoritarian Propaganda in Russia and Turkey

Ali Çelikkan, Andrey Zhvirblis, Can Ertuna, Evgeniy Shtorn, Evin Baris Altintas, Gökçer Tahincioglu, Olga Romanova, Onur Öncü, Roman Zholud, Sibel Yükler

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung; Journalisten und Anwälte für Meinungsfreiheit (JAM) (2024), 38 pp.

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Women and the media in Afghanistan: How to support female media workers in a challenging landscape

Catharine Buckell, Mahdi Zaki, Shukrana Azizi Suzanne Devai

London: BBC Media Action (2024), 50 pp.

"Women in Afghanistan continue to have less access to information than men, particularly through TV and the internet. At least 33% of women (more in rural areas) rely on family as a key source of information, while men prioritise other information sources. Yet Afghan women’s information needs have ... never been more pronounced – due to restrictions on their activities, many are confined to their homes. Women in Afghanistan with media access rely on this more than ever to keep updated on issues that concern them, and spend more time accessing and using media: "Now women are in the confines of their homes… The virtual space is the only window for us to learn about what is happening." (Female FGD participant, Herat). Two-thirds (65%) of female survey respondents say that the media is “very important” in their daily lives, compared with half (51%) of male respondents. Despite various efforts to cater to female audiences, 67% of female and male respondents feel that Afghan media only “somewhat” or “rarely” meets women’s needs. Reflecting restrictions on media content, respondents complain that domestic media contains too much religious content and not enough entertainment. However, educational content is still allowed, providing women and girls who are denied access to schooling with a vital source of education. Respondents are more satisfied with the balance of content in international media and media run by Afghans in exile, and they are more likely to watch some types of entertainment, such as movies, on international than domestic TV. However, a number of international media outlets are inaccessible from Afghanistan. Journalists inside Afghanistan are banned from working with international TV/radio channels or news sites, and some have been arrested for doing so. 87% of respondents say the presence of women in the media in Afghanistan has decreased since August 2021. Only 41% could name a female presenter or journalist. Almost all of those named by respondents worked in the media before 2021, or currently work from outside Afghanistan. Audience members support women featuring in news and educational programmes but are less supportive of them featuring in comedy and sports content. Over half (54%) of the general survey respondents say they would support a female relative to work as a journalist. A further 12% would support a female relative under certain conditions, including wearing the hijab and travelling with a mahram (women cannot leave their home without a male chaperone)." (Executive summary, page 6) more

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Flight and Fight: Supporting Exiled Media to Survive and Sustain

Isabelle Schläpfer, Rosie Parkyn

London: Internews (2024), 63 pp.

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Voices from Exile: The Safety Needs of Myanmar Women Journalists

Yucca Wai, Joseph Andersson

Exile Hub (2024), 104 pp.

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Locking down the windows: A new phase in the fight for press freedom in Russia

Berlin: JX Fund (2024), 43 pp.

"For Russian civil society as well as for Western reporting independent exiled media are playing a central role: These media are a unique and precious voice that can still make its way to Russian audiences. They are also the foundation of Western reporting on Russia – without them, many internatio ... more

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Forced to Flee: How Exiled Journalists Hold the Powerful to Account

Celeste Katz Marston

NiemanReports, March 20 (2023)

"As press freedoms around the globe erode, journalists are building networks outsidetheir home countries to continue reporting." (Summary)

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Challenges & Support Needs of Exiled Journalists from Sudan, South Sudan & Ethiopia in Kenya

Berlin: Media in Cooperation and Transition (MiCT) (2023), 13 pp.

Navigating instability: A five-phase approach to supporting exiled media Key Guidance

Navigating instability: A five-phase approach to supporting exiled media
Key Guidance