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Infodemia e COVID-19: A informação como instrumento contra os mitos

Ana Gabriela Ferreira, Débora Lima, Júlia Rocha

Artigo 19 Brasil (2021), 48 pp.

"O presente relatório propôs, através de uma análise de transparência passiva e ativa, um diagnóstico quanto à transparência e a garantia do direito de acesso à informação pública de saúde, em período sensível de calamidade no Brasil - a pandemia do novo coronavírus. O contexto de in ... fodemia somou-se aos crescentes entraves institucionais impostos pelo governo de Jair Bolsonaro, tornando quase impossível obter informações oficiais seguras, participar e monitorar as políticas públicas governamentais. Na pandemia de COVID-19, isso se ampliou e continua em curso, mais de um ano após, ainda que às custas de mais de 420 mil vidas perdidas. Muitos indícios denotam a intencionalidade das ações, como a afirmação recente de chefe da ANVISA17 sobre ter participado de reunião no Palácio do Planalto, em que se sugeriu modificar a bula da cloroquina para incluir possibilidade de seu uso contra a COVID-19, mesmo sendo este ato contrário a evidências científicas. Ainda que houvesse evidência contrária ao uso, houve ampla propaganda, pelo presidente da república, da cloroquina e de hidroxicloroquina como tratamentos para a infecção por coronavírus, levando a novas comorbidades. Se, por um lado, a importância do compartilhamento proativo de informações confiáveis e úteis para o eficiente enfrentamento à Covid-19 já tem sido reiterado por organizações nacionais e internacionais, a análise aqui presente mostra que as diversas formas de desinformação, incluindo o apagão de dados são, hoje, a regra no Brasil. O largo desrespeito aos prazos de resposta, a prorrogação indefinida para manifestações concernentes à pandemia e a banalização do sigilo18 são apenas uma parte pequena desses entraves - e não refletem a pressa que o contexto pandêmico exige sobre segurança acerca dos modos de prevenção, tratamento e contenção da doença. Para além disso, a propaganda massiva da desinformação vem sendo meio de afetação de milhares de pessoas no país que, possuindo menos acesso ao conhecimento científico produzido, confiam nas figuras de liderança que deveriam estar fazendo o papel de assegurar medidas de saúde. Foi possível constatar neste estudo um grave sintoma, face aos pedidos realizados. Da análise de amplitude de acesso, 75% dos pedidos tiveram retorno insuficiente." (Conclusões, página 41) more

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An Ongoing Infodemic: How People in Eight Countries Access and Rate News and Information About Coronavirus a Year Into the Pandemic

Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Anne Schulz, Richard Fletcher

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2021), 37 pp.

"In almost all countries, news organisations are the single most widely used source of information about coronavirus. Furthermore, news organisations have become even more central to how people stay informed about coronavirus in the last year because, while overall reach has declined compared to ear ... more

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Demystifying the COVID-19 Infodemic: Conspiracies, Context, and the Agency of Users

Iginio Gagliardone, Stephanie Diepeveen, Kyle Findlay, Samuel Olaniran, Matti Pohjonen, Edwin Tallam

Social Media + Society, volume 7, issue 3 (2021), 16 pp.

"This article presents new empirical insights into what people do with conspiracy theories during crises. By suppressing the impulse to distinguish between truth and falsehood, which has characterized most scholarship on the COVID-19 “infodemic,” and engaging with claims surrounding two popular ... more

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Konstruktiv durch Krisen? Fallanalysen zum Corona-Journalismus

Leif Kramp, Stephan Weichert

Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung (2021), 96 pp.

"Unter dem Eindruck der Corona-Pandemie haben sich Medien nicht allein auf die Problemanalyse und Kritik an politischen und gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen konzentriert, sondern den Blick auch nach vorn gerichtet, um zu fragen, wie politische, gesundheitliche, kulturelle und wirtschaftliche Risike ... more

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Who Set the Narrative? Assessing the Influence of Chinese Global Media on News Coverage of COVID-19 in 30 African Countries

Dani Madrid-Morales

Global Media and China, volume 6, issue 2 (2021), pp. 129-151

"The size of China’s State-owned media’s operations in Africa has grown significantly since the early 2000s. Previous research on the impact of increased Sino-African mediated engagements has been inconclusive. Some researchers hold that public opinion toward China in African nations has been im ... more

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Handbook of Communication and Development

Srinivas R. Melkote, Arvind Singhal (eds.)

Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing (2021), xvii, 397 pp.

"This incisive Handbook critically examines the role and place of media and communication in development and social change, reflecting a vision for change anchored in values of social justice. Outlining the genealogy and history of the field, it then investigates the possible new directions and obje ... more

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Wielding Influence in the Age of Coronavirus: How the Chinese Communist Party Shapes Narratives and Builds Influence in Africa

Tom Bayes

Berlin: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2021), 125 pp.

"The geopolitical implications of the Covid-19 pandemic, which has dislocated global life, shaken economies and caused over 4 million deaths, continue to play out. For China’s ruling Communist Party (CCP), China’s status as the virus’ origin posed political risks, heightened by international s ... more

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Die China-Berichterstattung in deutschen Medien im Kontext der Corona-Krise

Jia Changbao, Mechthild Leutner, Xiao Minxing

Berlin: Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung (2021), 61 pp.

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Myths and Misconceptions on Covid-19: ‘Congo Check’ and ‘Talato’ Verification Experiences

Fabíola Ortiz dos Santos

Frontiers in Communication, volume 6, issue 627214 (2021), 21 pp.

"This paper asks: How do fact-checkers combat/halt Covid-19 myths and misconceptions in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic? How do they engage in social media networks toward sense-giving and sharing corrective information? It discusses two cases of online media projec ... more

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Misconceptions, Misinformation and Politics of COVID-19 on Social Media: A Multi-Level Analysis in Ghana

Philip Teg-Nefaah Tabong, Martin Segtub

Frontiers in Communication, volume 6, issue 613794 (2021), 13 pp.

"The study showed a changing pattern in the misconceptions and misinformation about COVID-19. Initially myths were largely on causes and vulnerability. It was widely speculated that black people had some immunity against COVID-19. Also, the condition was perceived to cause severe disease among the e ... more

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Pacific Crises: COVID, Climate Emergency and West Papua

Philip Cass, David Robie (eds.)

Pacific Journalism Review, volume 27, issue 1-2 (2021), pp. 1-174

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Tratamiento informativo de la COVID 19 en la prensa de alcance nacional: Monitoreo de medios de comunicación con enfoque de desarrollo

Lima: Calandria (2021), 62 pp.

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COVID-19 Discourse on Twitter in Four Asian Countries: Case Study of Risk Communication

Sungkyu Park, Sungwon Han, Kim, Jeongwook, Majid Molaie et al.

Journal of Medical Internet Research, volume 23, issue 3: e23272 (2021), 17 pp.

"COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a global pandemic. The World Health Organization has also declared an infodemic (ie, a plethora of information regarding COVID-19 containing both false and accurate information circulated on the internet). Hence, it has become critical to test the veracity ... more

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Investigating the Prevention and Mitigatory Role of Risk Communication in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Bloemfontein, South Africa

Olivia Kunguma, Mosekama Osia Mokhele, Mercia Coetzee

Jàmbá - Journal of Disaster Risk Studies, volume 13, issue 1: a1130 (2021), 11 pp.

"The South African disaster response activities surpass risk reduction since the implementation of the Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002 (DMA) and the National Disaster Management Framework of 2005 (NDMF). Risk reduction, in particular risk communication, remained unexploited until the occurrence o ... more

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Revisiting COVID-19 Communication in Western Africa: A Health Literacy-Based Approach to Health Communication

Bernard Seytre, Cristano Barros, Philip Bona, Babacar Fall, Blahima Konate et al.

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, volume 105, issue 3 (2021), pp. 708-712

"Adherence to protectiv emeasures is a major component of COVID-19 epidemic control. COVID-19 health literacy is a major driver of this adherence, and the evaluation of health literacy levels is the basis for designing an effective communication strategy. We conducted a quantitative socio-anthropolo ... more

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Information Saves Lives: Addressing COVID-19 in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru

Internews;USAID (2021), 16 pp.

"Internews designed the HRSM Amazon project to provide adequate information about COVID to vulnerable communities. Each local partner maintained relationships with indigenous communities and remote sectors that received inadequate state health care, had high rates of mis/disinformation, and lacked i ... nformation about the pandemic. Partners adapted project activities to these communities’ needs, providing information in their native languages and supporting community members to lead fact-based content production. For some communities, these trainings offered their first experiences ever in producing communications materials, and partners ensured indigenous values directly informed content creation with an intercultural approach. Internews observed the project’s direct and indirect positive impacts on shifting perspectives of indigenous organizations. For example, SERVINDI reported that when they first conducted their health diagnosis, indigenous communities rejected the vaccine; however, the Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin (COICA) requested more vaccination information in their native languages following the campaign’s implementation. Similarly, communication narratives that placed traditional and Western medicine in dialogue helped communities consider alternative strategies for coping with the pandemic. Throughout HRSM Amazon’s 12-month timeframe, the project consistently evolved to adapt initiatives to community needs. To reach last-mile communities in Colombia and Guyana, for instance, partners stored audio on flash drives to play repeatedly over loudspeakers where internet was not available. The pandemic not only heightened the visibility of digital connectivity challenges, but it particularly amplified the health realities of the most remote indigenous communities ignored by the State. According to local organizations, health problems extend far beyond just COVID infections. Indigenous communities face limited medical presence or no medical supplies on a regular basis; for example, the Araona Territory previously lacked a health center nearby, so the population had not received medical attention for 15 years. CEJIS adapted its project activities to go beyond preventing COVID-19 transmission in the Araona communities, providing radio listeners and national media across Bolivia with health information and updates on the Araona situation. As the project concluded, HRSM Amazon partners left indigenous communities equipped with their own communication initiatives, such as communicator networks and informational podcasts that community members are now continuing to lead independently, setting them up for greater long-term connectivity and information access. Not only will communities be able to more effectively share information among themselves moving forward, but this greater visibility will also help the State understand primary needs among indigenous communities, create culturally relevant health information campaigns, and act with increased respect for indigenous autonomy." (Executive summary) more

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Manual para periodistas: Nuevas maneras de informar y comunicar la COVD-19

Calandria (2021), 125 pp.

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Communication Infrastructure and Community Mobilization: The Case of Gram Vaani’s Covid-19 Response Network for the Marginalized in India

Hua Wang, Aaditeshwar Seth, Mira Johri, Esha Kalra, Arvind Singhal

Journal of Development Communication, volume 32, issue 2 (2021), pp. 73-86

"In this article, we employed communication infrastructure theory (CIT) to analyze Gram Vaani’s (“Voice of the Village”) Covid-19 Response Network in India. We reviewed key CIT components (i.e., storytelling network and communication action context) and their applications in civic engagement, ... more

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Demand Creation and Advocacy for COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake

FHI 360 (2021), 20 pp.

"This quick start guide was developed to support FHI 360 programs and its partners to design and implement demand creation and advocacy activities as part of national COVID-19 vaccine introduction efforts. The guide draws primarily on FHI 360’s experience designing and implementing SBC programs to ... more

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Post-Mortem: Russian and Chinese Covid-19 Information Operations

Edward Lucas, Ben Dubow, James Lamond, Jake Morris, Corina Rebegea, Vera Zakem

Washington, DC: Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA) (2021), 72 pp.

"Russia recycled previous narratives and exacerbated tensions in Western society while attempting some propaganda about Russian scientific prowess. Russia’s approach evolved little; it recycled previous narratives, spreading a broad range of COVID-19 disinformation. Evidence supports the theory th ... more