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Social Media and Vaccine Hesitancy: New Updates for the Era of COVID-19 and Globalized Infectious Diseases

Neha Puri, Eric A. Coomes, Hourmazd Haghbayan, Keith Gunaratne

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, volume 16, issue 11 (2020), pp. 2586-2593

"Despite major advances in vaccination over the past century, resurgence of vaccine-preventable illnesses has led the World Health Organization to identify vaccine hesitancy as a major threat to global health. Vaccine hesitancy may be fueled by health information obtained from a variety of sources, ... more

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Report: The Perception of COVID-19 Communication in West Africa (non-Sahel)

Abuja: UNESCO (2020), 25 pp.

"According to the respondents (522 respondents), people pay most attention to "prevention methods from COVID-19" (3.82 out of the full score 5). On the contrary, the respondents pay relatively less attention to "Pandemic Statistics (local, national, and international)" (3.55 out of the full score 5) ... more

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Pillars of Russia's Disinformation and Propaganda Ecosystem

Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State (2020), 76 pp.

"Russia has operationalized the concept of perpetual adversarial competition in the information environment by encouraging the development of a disinformation and propaganda ecosystem that allows for varied and overlapping approaches that reinforce each other even when individual messages within the ... system appear contradictory. This ecosystem reflects both the sources of disinformation and propaganda—official government statements, state-funded media outlets, proxy websites, bots, false social media personas, cyber-enabled disinformation operations, etc.—and the different tactics that these channels use. Russia’s willingness to employ this approach provides it with three perceived advantages. First, it allows for the introduction of numerous variations of the same false narratives. This allows for the different pillars of the ecosystem to fine tune their disinformation narratives to suit different target audiences because there is no need for consistency, as there would be with attributed government communications. Second, it provides plausible deniability for Kremlin officials when proxy sites peddle blatant and dangerous disinformation, allowing them to deflect criticism while still introducing pernicious information. Third, it creates a media multiplier effect among the different pillars of the ecosystem that boost their reach and resonance. The media multiplier effect can, at times, create disinformation storms with potentially dangerous effects for those Russia perceives as adversaries at the international, national, and local level. In the past, Russia has leveraged this dynamic to shield itself from criticism for its involvement in malign activity. This approach also allows Russia to be opportunistic, such as with COVID-19, where it has used the global pandemic as a hook to push longstanding disinformation and propaganda narratives [...] This report provides a visual representation of the ecosystem described above, as well as an example of the media multiplier effect it enables. This serves to demonstrate how the different pillars of the ecosystem play distinct roles and feed off of and bolster each other. The report also includes brief profiles of select proxy sites and organizations that occupy an intermediate role between the pillars of the ecosystem with clear links to Russia and those that are meant to be fully deniable." (Pages 5-7) more

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Internews’ Strategic Approach to COVID-19

Internews (2020), 13 pp.

"The Internews approach to addressing COVID-19 is deeply rooted in our new strategy, which calls for building the five elements of a healthy information environment. These are: 1. Good, accurate, evidence-based information; 2. That everyone can access safely; 3. That consumers know how to critically ... more

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Online environmental news stories in India during the COVID-19 pandemic: Reporting the ‘crisis’ and ‘concerns’ of the natural ecosystem

Ram Awtar Yadav

Journal of Environmental Media, volume 1, issue Supplement (2020), pp. 2.1-2.7

"This article is a review of the online news reports about the ‘humanitarian crisis’ that surfaced in India as thousands of migrant workers struggled to return home during the nationwide lockdown triggered by COVID-19. With several newspaper editions unable to print and circulate amid lockdown, ... more

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DEF’s Covid-19 Relief Initiatives as a Digitally-Enabled Humanitarian Organisation

Digital Empowerment Foundation (DEF) (2020), 42 pp.

"Digital Empowerment Foundation (DEF) launched the Digital Emergency Relief Programme through its Community Information Resource Centers (CIRC) across 600+ locations in India who have been rigorously responding to the crisis by reaching out to the most vulnerable communities. The CIRC centres with t ... more

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Using Social Media to Disseminate COVID-19 Information

Breakthrough Action;USAID (2020), 8 pp.

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Media and COVID-19 in West Africa: Nigeria

Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2020), 8 pp.

"Generally, the relevant authorities in Nigeria have, to a large extent, been proactive with press briefings and national addresses since the outbreak of the pandemic. However, reporters have realised that they are often unable to access information beyond what is said in the briefings. Officials so ... more

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Your Safety as a Journalist Reporting COVID-19

Internews (2020), 3 pp.

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Media and COVID-19 in West Africa: Sierra Leone

Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2020), 8 pp.

"Sierra Leone continues to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through the dissemination of information across various platforms. The media have generally been supportive in providing the public with information and education about COVID-19. However, media owners and managers continue to raise concerns ... more

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Tools for News Reporting During Social Distancing

Internews (2020), 8 pp.

"With many workplaces in semi or total lockdown in response to COVID-19, many journalists are adjusting to the new reality of working from home. This affects the way we report on our communities, the type of observations we can include in our stories and shifts our focus online. But how do we ensure ... more

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Stuck: How Vaccine Rumors Start - and Why They Don't Go Away
Quick Overview

Heidi Larson

New York: Oxford University Press (2020), xli, 157 pp.

"A clear-eyed, expert examination of the state of vaccine confidence globally -- and what it means for the future of life on earth. Considers the widening gulf between messages of medical authority and those on everyman platforms of our digital world, especially as it influences individual choice. C ... more

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Media and COVID-19 in West Africa: Liberia

Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2020), 7 pp.

"With the exception of the introduction of new press passes for the journalists by the Deputy Minister of Information and the harassment that followed its implementation, the media landscape in Liberia in May and June has been open and free. Even though the Ministry of Information reduced the freque ... more

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COVID-19 Rumors and Misinformation: A Technical Brief for Breakthrough ACTION Field Teams

Breakthrough Action;USAID (2020), 14 pp.

"This is a short technical brief with important steps and resources on how country programs can track and address rumors around COVID-19 (as needed). The guide includes a number of great resources and links while also sharing nuggets from global, collective thinking around rumors." (Page 1)

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Information Ecosystem Assessment: Migrants in Thailand During COVID-19

Pamela A. Mallinga et al.

Internews (2020), 29 pp.

"This Information Ecosystem Assessment includes the thoughts and opinions of 48 migrant community leaders and migrant workers in Thailand. The information was collected through a series of qualitative and quantitative techniques, using remote data collection methodologies to ensure the safety of par ... more

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COVID-19: Remote Reporting & Broadcast Toolkit

Children’s Radio Foundation (CRF) (2020), 34 pp.

"The Children’s Radio Foundation (CRF) currently trains youth reporters at 68 radio stations across six African countries (The Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, Ivory Coast, South Africa, Tanzania, and Zambia) to produce weekly radio shows and monthly outreach activities [...] This toolkit ha ... more

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Handbook for Media: The New Coronavirus and COVID-19

Genevieve Hutchinson, Jacqueline Dalton

London: BBC Media Action (2020), 34 pp.

"The new coronavirus that causes COVID-19 can spread rapidly and cause a lot of harm. But if communities respond appropriately and quickly, it is possible to limit its spread and the damage it causes. Mass media and communication have an absolutely vital role to play in this effort. Media can: provi ... more

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Fighting Misinformation and Defending Free Expression During COVID-19: Recommendations for States

Access Now (2020), 20 pp.

"In this paper, we provide recommendations for protecting freedom of expression and opinion and the right to impart and receive information to enable governments to fight the COVID-19 health crisis in a rights-respecting manner. There will be an aftermath to the COVID-19 outbreak and the measures go ... more

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COVID Katha: A Multimedia Guide for Mass Awareness

New Delhi: National Council for Science & Technology Communication (NCSTC);Anamika Ray Memorial Trust (ARMT) (2020), 37 pp.

"In view of providing consolidated and authentic information on the global crisis to the masses in an interesting and interactive mode, the NCSTC in association with Dr. Anamika Ray Memorial Trust (ARMT) has brought out multimedia guide carrying important information on A-to-Z of COVID 19." (Preface ... more

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Types, Sources, and Claims of COVID-19 Misinformation

J. Scott Brennen, Felix M. Simon, Philip N. Howard, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 13 pp.

"In this RISJ factsheet we identify some of the main types, sources, and claims of COVID-19 misinformation seen so far. We analyse a sample of 225 pieces of misinformation rated false or misleading by factcheckers and published in English between January and the end of March 2020, drawn from a colle ... more

Stuck: How Vaccine Rumors Start - and Why They Don't Go Away Quick Overview

Stuck: How Vaccine Rumors Start - and Why They Don't Go Away
Quick Overview