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"This study examines the voluminous case law of the European Court of Human Rights (“The Court”) relating to freedom of expression and defamation. It starts by clarifying the concept of defamation and positioning it in relation to freedom of expression and public debate. It explains how defamati ... more
"Ky studim shqyrton hollësitë e jurisprudencës së Gjykatës Evropiane të të Drejtave të Njeriut për fyerjen. Ai eksploron një gamë çështjesh materiale dhe procedurore që ka marrë në shqyrtim gjykata dhe sqaron konceptin e fyerjes duke e parë në raport me lirinë e shprehjes dhe deba ... more
"I have found that Saudi Arabia and Jordan rely on counterterrorism and cybercrime regulations to prosecute online activism. Egypt uses a new anti-protest law passed in 2014 and Tunisia, in contrast, relies on old defamation and anti-drug laws that have been used for decades prior to the revolution. ... more
"This manual has been produced to accompany a training workshop on defamation for lawyers and journalists in Europe. It contains resources and background material to help trainers prepare and participants to understand the issues being discussed. Participants in the workshops will be both journalist ... more
"The first section is dedicated to the definition of the concept of freedom of expression. First, international and regional texts are analyzed. Then, an overview of the bodies involved in the process of defining and protecting freedom of expression throughout the world is presented. The following s ... more
"This report represents an effort to help with the process of evaluating media laws in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. As governments consider what policies to set up to deal with new realities, this research should help provide an understanding of the current landscape. When examining ... more
"Pakistan’s blasphemy laws are criticised for being discriminatory against religious minorities and inconsistent with human rights standards. There have been attempts in the past to amend these laws. However, after protests by religious parties, each of these attempts failed. In 2011 the debate to ... more

A Survey and Critical Analysis of Council of Europe Strategies for Countering "Hate Speech"

In: The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses
Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press (2012), pp. 456-498
"To summarize a very expansive set of standards and concomitant strategies, it can be said that the three main prongs to the Council of Europe's approach to countering "hate speech" are: (1) the prevention / prohibition / punishment of certain types of expression (e.g., incitement to hatred, racist ... more

State-Sanctioned Incitement to Genocide: The Responsibility to Prevent

In: The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses
Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press (2012), pp. 430-455

What's Wrong with Defamation of Religion?

In: The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses
Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press (2012), pp. 164-182
"In March 2010, in Geneva, the UN's Human Rights Council (HRC) voted by a narrow margin to accept a nonbinding Resolution on “Combating Defamation of Religions.” (Hereafter, “the Resolution.”) Resolutions like this one have been offered regularly at the HRC and in the General Assembly, have ... more

Does International Law Provide for Consistent Rules on Hate Speech?

In: The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses
Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press (2012), pp. 417-429

Shielding Marginalized Groups from Verbal Assaults Without Abusing Hate Speech Laws

In: The Content and Context of Hate Speech: Rethinking Regulation and Responses
Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press (2012), pp. 352-277
"There is immense difficulty in regulating hate speech on the ground of ethnicity when ethnicity is a prime cehicle for political organization and mobilization. On the one hand, substantive (real) equality demands that certain marginalized ethnic gropus be shielded from hate speech in order to have ... more
"The contributors to this volume consider whether it is possible to establish carefully tailored hate speech policies that are cognizant of the varying traditions, histories, and values of different countries. Throughout, there is a strong comparative emphasis, with examples (and authors) drawn from ... more