Filter
82
Featured
Free Access
63
Key Guidance
2
Top Insights
3
Topics
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
28
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
15
Humanitarian Law
11
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
9
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
7
Media Law & Regulation
7
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
6
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
5
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
5
War Reporting
5
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
4
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
4
Human Rights Protection
4
Freedom of Expression
3
United Nations (UN)
3
Law Enforcement, Litigations, Legal Practice, Case Law, Jurisdiction
3
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
2
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
2
Media / Communication Control
2
United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
2
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
2
Defamation Law & Regulation
2
Female Journalists & Media Workers
2
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
2
Council of Europe
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Radios
1
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Foreign Correspondents
1
European Union (EU)
1
OSCE
1
UNESCO
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Legal Status of Journalists
1
Local Journalism
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Religious Freedom
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
1
Photographers
1
Personal Safety
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
1
Public Media, State Media
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
The Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflicts: How Can They Be Better Safeguarded?
International and European Law, volume 29, issue 76 (2013), pp. 4-22
"The years 2011 and 2012 were among the most deadly for journalists reporting from conflict situations worldwide. The numbers of assaults, arrests and attacks have been on a constant rise and portray a dramatic image of the journalistic profession. In light of the increasing threats in armed conflic
...
Journalists as a Protected Category: A New Status for the Media in International Humanitarian Law
UCLA Journal of International Law and Foreign Affairs, volume 17 (2013), pp. 215-250
"The nature of modern warfare has vastly changed the role of journalists in conflict and, therefore, the reliability of the protections afforded to them. Countries such as the United States have interpreted international humanitarian law in such a way that leaves journalists vulnerable to targeting
...
Protecting the Right to Life of Journalists: The Need for a Higher Level of Engagement
Human Rights Quarterly, volume 35, issue 2 (2013), pp. 304-332
"Journalists play a central role in fostering a society based on the open discussion of facts and the pursuit of the truth, as opposed to one based on rumor, prejudice, and the naked exercise of power. As a result, journalists are often literally in the line of fire and deserve special protection. T
...
Legal avenues for ending impunity for the death of journalists in conflict zones: Current and proposed international agreements
International Journal of Communication, volume 7 (2013), pp. 2157-2177
"Every bullet that kills a journalist in a warzone adds passion and urgency to calls for “something” to be done to better protect frontline media workers. International humanitarian law (the body of law that includes the Geneva Conventions) offers some avenues for legal redress, but problems wit
...
Dangerous Work: Violence Against Mexico’s Journalists and Lessons from Colombia
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2012), 32 pp.
"Turning the tide on the killing of journalists involves several steps, but primarily it is a matter of having the political will to acknowledge the issue as important and ending the impunity for those responsible for the violence. These steps include: following through on making attacks on the medi
...
Threats to the Right to Life of Journalists
Cambridge: University of Cambridge, Centre of Governance and Human Rights (CGHR) (2012), 23 pp.
"Journalists as a category of individuals are subjected to special risks of physical violence that amount to serious risks to their right to life. The current scale of threats to the lives and killings of journalists is a serious matter of concern. It shows an erosion of the rule of law and democrat
...
The Media and International Humanitarian Law: Legal Protections for Journalists
Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 96-112
"Journalists and other media personnel perform a crucial role in armed conflicts. In the absence of functioning civil society, which, in peacetime can survey the behaviour of governments and other parties, and report on breaches of law, journalists are often the only parties on the ground able to do
...
Twenty-First Century Embedded Journalists: Lawful Targets?
Army Lawyer, issue July (2009), 32 pp.
"In light of the U.S. functionality test to Article 51(3), the role and use of today’s embedded journalist in international armed conflicts poses a direct threat to their civilian protections under Article 79 of Protocol I. Despite the fact that embedded journalism has helped to facilitate better
...
Don't shoot the messenger: Prospects for protecting journalists in conflict situations
Media, War & Conflict, volume 2, issue 2 (2009), pp. 129-148
"One of the greatest threats to freedom of expression around the world is the violence committed against journalists practicing their profession in conflict situations. During the last 20 years, an alarming number of journalists have been targeted or killed when reporting about war. This situation h
...
Journalists: Shielded from the dangers of war in their pursuit of the truth?
South African Yearbook of International Law, volume 34, issue 1 (2009), pp. 70-100
"This piece seeks to unpack these questions by exploring the current protection afforded journalists under both general international law and IHL (Part I); the IHL status of journalists (both those embedded in the military and those reporting as freelance / independent journalists) (Part II); target
...
The international protection of journalists in armed conflict and other violent situations
Australian Journal of Human Rights, volume 14, issue 1 (2008), pp. 99-140
"Media reporting of armed conflict and other situations of heightened violence has become increasingly perilous, with large numbers of journalists and other media personnel killed or deliberately targeted because of their professional work, including by government forces and non-government actors. T
...
The protection of journalists in armed conflicts
German Yearbook of International Law, volume 51 (2008), pp. 289-320
"The first casualty of war is truth. Disinformation and tactical ruses of war have constituted essential components of warfare throughout history. Over time, influencing public opinion - and consequentially securing the prime position to exert such influence - has become ever more significant. In mo
...
Guidelines of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on Protecting Freedom of Expression and Information in Times of Crisis
Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2007), 4 pp.
"[...] 1. As used in these guidelines, the term “crisis” includes, but is not limited to, wars, terrorist attacks, natural and man-made disasters, i.e. situations in which freedom of expression and information is threatened (for example, by limiting it for security reasons); the term “media pr
...
Journalists in War Zones: Crossing from the Newsroom into the Arena
De Jure, volume 40 (2007), pp. 379-384
"The very real danger in which conflict-journalists find themselves is well illustrated by the fact that during the recent conflict in Iraq proportionally more journalists were killed than members of the coalition forces (BalguyGallois March 2004 International Review of the Red Cross 37). The fact t
...
The protection of journalists and news media personnel in armed conflict
International Review of the Red Cross, volume 86, issue 853 (2004), pp. 37-67
"The recent war in Iraq is a perfect illustration of the growing risks faced by journalists working in conflict zones. It is therefore important to call renewed attention to the fact that attacks against journalists and media equipment are illegal under international humanitarian law, which protects
...
Remaking the pen mightier than the sword: An evaluation of the growing need for the international protection of journalists
Georgia Journal of International & Comparative Law, volume 30 (2002), pp. 505-542
"It is the goal of this note to explore this problem with a particular emphasis on potential methods by which the international community can work to protect the press. In order to better understand this problem as it exists today, this note begins with a historical analysis of the development of in
...
Violence against the Press in Latin America: Protections and Remedies in International Law
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, volume 78, issue 2 (2001), pp. 275-290
"This article identifies a trend in international law addressing the murders of journalists in Latin America. Recent cases by international human-rights tribunals are analyzed for their holdings that murders of journalists violate the free-expression guarantees of the American Convention on Human Ri
...
