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Democracy / Democratization and Media
6
Communication & Media Indicators
4
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
2
Media Concentration
2
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
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Journalism Ethics
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Globalisation of Media
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Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
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Journalistic Quality
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Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
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News
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Media & Communication Policies
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Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
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Tax Reductions for Media
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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
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Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Public Media, State Media
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Inequalities
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"The Media for Democracy Monitor (MDM) assesses the performance of leading news media in mature democracies with regard to the three core dimensions of democracy: freedom, equality, and control. After monitoring 10 countries in 2011, the MDM project expanded to cover the leading news media of 18 dem ... more

Protecting journalists from harassment: Comparing existing protection mechanisms and the effects on democracy

In: Success and failure in news media performance: Comparative analysis in the Media for Democracy Monitor 2021
Gothenburg: Nordicom (2022), pp. 59-77
"There is a quickly increasing body of studies and reports on harassment and intimidation of journalists around the world. These series of acts have a chilling effect on media freedom and journalists’ freedom of expression. The research literature on the topic has mostly focused on intimidation an ... more
"To what extent do structures and conduct of leading news media correspond with requirements of contemporary democracies? Based on a root concept of democracy and several empirical indicators, the Media for Democracy Monitor (MDM) delivers a panorama of the news media’s performance regarding freed ... more
"Inequalities are the unwanted companions of media and communication. Traditional analogue mass media were criticized for creating inequalities by being biased, serving hegemonic interests, and accumulating far too much power in the hands of mighty industrial conglomerates. Under the digital regime, ... more

Subsidies: Fuel for the Media

In: Comparative Media Policy, Regulation and Governance in Europe: Unpacking the Policy Cycle
Chicago, Bristol: intellect (2018), pp. 73-91
"Media subsidies have proved useful and appropriate as means to attain both economic and value-related objectives. Media companies often prefer indirect (and less transparent) ‘fuel’, while States favour direct subsidies. However, there is little scientific research on the actual impact of media ... more
"Der hier vorgestellte Ansatz untersucht die empirischen Leistungen der Medien für die demokratische Freiheit in Gesellschaften mit Hilfe einer Reihe von demokratietheoretisch abgeleiteten Indikatoren. Diese betreffen sowohl die gesamtgesellschaftlichen Medienstrukturen, als auch die konkreten Leis ... more
"To what extent do the structures and conduct of leading news media correspond with their specific democratic role? Authors from 10 countries provide empirical evidence based on the 26 indicators included in the Media for Democracy Monitor." (Back cover)

Monitoring and Measuring Press Freedom on a Global Scale: Strengths and Weaknesses of the Freedom House Index

In: On Media Monitoring: The Media and Their Contribution to Democracy
New York; Bern et al.: Peter Lang (2011), pp. 25-36
"Im Fazit lassen sich zwei Befunde festhalten: Erstens erweist sich die Medienkonzentration weiterhin als zentrale Bewegungsenergie für die Internationalisierung der Massenmedien. Sie wird nicht nur im klassischen Medienbereich von Fernsehen, Radio und Printmedien vorangetrieben, sondern erfährt e ... more
"Increased attention is being paid to 'smallness' as an analytical dimension as processes of internationalization and cross-media networking accelerate. To assure a certain 'room for manoeuvre' of small states' media and to enhance regional identities in Europe — in some respects counteracting the ... more