"Three research projects studied in detail the mass media behaviors of poor children, adolescents, and adults. These studies focused on a complete range of media behaviors - media use, availability, content preferences, functions, and attitudes. They considered a comprehensive set of media including ... radio, television, newspapers, magazines, phonographs, and movies. Low income blacks were compared to low income whites and to low income respondents in general, and all three categories of respondents were compared to the general population. It was found that members of low income groups, particularly blacks, spend more time watching television and are more apt to believe what they see than is the general population. Therefore, the researchers envision the mass media, particularly television, as an important tool in providing low income families with access to the mainstream of society. The researchers also conducted an extensive search of studies and reports currently available in the social science literature which concern topics related to the communication behaviors of the poor. The results of some 80 such reports are summarized and discussed in relation to each other. Extensive abstracts of these reports then appear in an annotated bibliography." (https://eric.ed.gov) more

"Results of a study in which particular account is taken of certain major items of information which are both useful and indispensable to the study of the relationships between national development and the development of the communication media — The author has tried to see to what extent certain ... items of information, previously considered basic to studies of this subject, are shown to be inadequate for a serious study of the question — The various factors, the correlation between them and their interdependence should be studied more closely — The author gives details of the results of a study made in the United States; he attempts to compare the data for 5 different countries (United States — Japan — Finland — Mexico — Costa Rica)." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 939, topic code 04, 070) more

"The author contributes a new element to the study made by R. B. Nixon: the number of daily newspapers in a given country is a relatively important factor in assessing the freedom of the press in that country — This is in addition to the three factors mentioned by Nixon: annual income per inhabita ... nt, degree of literacy, number of newspaper copies sold per thousand inhabitants — The present study covers only 32 countries, while Nixon's covered 100." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 938, topic code 04, 110.31) more