"Journalists have always worked amidst risks to their safety; risks that have become all the more exacerbated in the digital age. Scholarship has documented journalists confronting cyberattacks, various forms of harassment, verbal abuse and hate speech, as well as legal threats from a variety of act ... ors, including audiences, sources, political powers, and organised criminals, among others. Such threats cause journalists psychological and physical harm and injury, including anxiety, burnout, and depression. In response, academia, industry, and think tanks have devised tools and policies to support journalists in doing their work safely. However, this chapter argues that approaching safety primarily in terms of external threats directed at journalists as a collective professional body, obscures the many ways in which journalism on an institutional, epistemic/paradigmatic level and organisational, newsroom culture level is an equally unsafe space for marginalized journalists. Drawing on concepts of ‘symbolic violence’ and ‘double burden,’ I consider the harmful impact that gendered, classed, and racialized forms of discrimination and socialization within the field have on marginalized journalists’ psychological and potentially physical wellbeing. As such, marginalized journalists work not only amidst safety threats emanating from outside of the field, but also from within it. To conclude, I suggest scholarly work rely on intersectional approaches to interrogate intra-field forms of unsafety at institutional, organisational, and individual levels, and envision solutions and approaches that disrupt dominant journalistic paradigms." (Abstract) more

"The chapter describes how social media is utilized in an environment of heightened violence and indicates that numerous journalists from 18 cities often use social media to forge cross-border relationships with colleagues. It focuses on a study of social media use by journalists and bloggers report ... ing in the northern states and uses the conceptual framework of scale-shifting to analyze how journalists from both the United States and Mexico overcome information scarcity while also avoiding digital security risks in the northern Mexican states. The chapter describes how some journalists from Mexico and the United States, covering northern Mexico use social media for their work. In northern Mexico, where bloggers and journalists continue to be threatened, social media present both opportunities and challenges. By employing a transnational approach to explore the connections between social media and journalism practice along the US–Mexico border, the research has set the groundwork for future projects regarding social media in the region." (Abstract) more