"Makutano Junction is an ‘edutainment’ soap opera made for local TV stations in Kenya and other East African countries. The show is about a fictional peri-urban village and the people who live in it. The program is made in Kenya, but was devised and is produced by Mediae, a UK based company that ... works with the support and collaboration of some major Kenyan and international NGOs. Mediae was founded by the producers David Campbell and Kate Lloyd Morgan. Since it began broadcasting in 2007 Makutano Junction has become one of the most popular shows on Kenyan TV; currently around 8 million viewers watch it every week, which is about 20% of the country’s entire population. Mediae have created a small stable of TV and radio shows mostly for Kenya, but also for Tanzania, Uganda and Rwanda. They all give rural Africans access to the latest information and discussions about issues that concern them. The themes and plotlines for these shows are informed by extensive and careful research in the field, conducted by themselves or partner organisations. Some of Mediae’s work is highly innovative. An example of this is the show Shamba Shape Up, which is also a major hit in Kenya and neighbouring countries. Shamba means ‘farm’ in Swahili, and as the title suggests it’s a kind of small farm makeover show. So presenters and experts visit smallholding farmers, and on camera, discuss problems that they might be having, with animal health, crop yield, market strategies etc, and consider solutions and strategies. Then they put a plan into action, and have a follow up show to see the results. Some 10 million viewers across East Africa view this show every week, even more than Makutano Junction. A very important aspect of this show is its associated app; I-Shamba, with which farmers are able to use mobile phones to access a database of up to the minute information and advice. Once remote smallholding farmers are increasingly connecting, interacting and educating themselves through this special show and app." (Page 99-100) more

"The report is based on an online survey of professional photographers who entered the 2015 World Press Photo Contest. A total of 1,556 photographers from more than 100 countries and territories completed the questionnaire. Evidence from the questionnaire is summarised below. This is the first large ... -scale international survey of its kind but it is intended that this survey will be repeated annually to track the changes and circumstances of professional photojournalists and to examine the impact of the digital era on their lives and livelihoods. Key findings: 1. Professional news photography is dominated by men, with 85% of the respondents male. 2. The majority of photographers (60%) who responded to the survey were self-employed. 3. Three-quarters of the respondents work full-time as photographers. 4. When asked to specify their role, 40% called themselves photojournalists, 30% said documentary photographers, and 14% said news photographers. 5. News photography was the largest category of photography (named by 19% of respondents), followed by personal projects (18%), portraiture (14%), and sport (10%). 6. Photographers largely work alone (80% of respondents)[...]" (Executive summary) more

"The research is based on a survey of 45 industry professionals from 15 countries [...] The principal finding is that there is a de facto global consensus on how media organizations understand the manipulation ofimages. Manipulation is seen as involving material changes to an image through the addit ... ion or subtraction of content, and is always deemed unacceptable for news and documentary pictures. Manipulation is therefore a specific form of processing, where the material change to the image through the addition or subtraction of element(s) is designed to deceive or mislead the reader/viewer. Adjustments (such as limited cropping, dodging and burning, toning, color adjustment, conversion to grayscale) to photographs are accepted. These are usually described in terms of“minor“changes being permitted while “excessive“ changes are prohibited." (Executive summary) more