"In many transitional and conflict societies self-censorship is employed as a coping mechanism or survival strategy (Skjerdal, 2010; Tapsell, 2012). Recent research has examined self-censorship by journalists in countries in which there have been and continue to be media support and safety intervent ... ions. In some of these transitional and conflict-affected countries journalists routinely censor themselves to avoid jail, while others do so to avoid assassination or physical violence (Freedom House, 2018; Bar-Tal, 2015). Violent conflict has a negative effect on the free flow of information, in part due to self-censorship which impoverishes public debate (Bar-Tal, 2015). There has been limited discussion of the impacts of self-censorship among journalists on peacebuilding. This chapter will examine the chain of causality between traumatized journalists, self-censorship and peacebuilding and will suggest solutions to bolster journalistic communities in the context of trauma, fear and self-censorship." (Abstract) more

"95 per cent of journalists killed in armed conflict are locally based journalists. While there has been increasing focus on the physical and digital safety issues these journalists face, there has been less attention towards the need for psychosocial support. Addressing psychosocial needs of local ... journalists must become a higher priority to better provide for their well-being as they are impacted by psychologically traumatizing events happening around them. The context of local journalists in covering such events is very different from their international correspondent colleagues. This paper will discuss the cross-country lessons, as well as the challenges, surrounding psychosocial issues as part of the holistic theme of safety of journalists. Researchers have shown how journalists, particularly war correspondents, are affected by the work they do. But there has been little examination of the effects on local journalists or fixers for international media who live and work covering violence, conflicts or disasters that impact them directly. This paper will look at how trauma support considered mainstream in Western countries might be adapted for local journalists, examples of psychosocial support that have been used in different contexts such as the Middle East, Asia and Latin America and offer considerations in conducting further research into this area moving forward." (Abstract) more