"[...] Media Monitors conducted interviews with managers from six news outlets in six countries across Southern Africa. The study revealed that media viability challenges in the region stem from insufficient funding due to declining advertising and audience markets. The shift in audience consumption towards digital platforms severely impacted the financial sustainability of media houses. With advertisers following suit and staffing levels dwindling due to limited funding, media convergence and the rise of social media advertising and citizen journalism further threatened the viability of traditional outlets. However, media organizations strategically responded to these threats by diversifying revenue streams and adopting technologies like e-papers and paywalls, albeit with limited success. The human capital base of media houses also faced challenges, with high staff turnover as employees sought opportunities in the corporate world and beyond national borders, leading to gaps in the quality of media training." (Executive Summary, page 7)