"As we can see, disinformation can be spread by ordinary responsible individuals with good intentions as well as by, dare I say, entire bot nations consisting of millions of active bot accounts that reach all possible audiences of any age, gender, and interests. And for any audiences that haven't been reached yet, Google and Facebook services provide updates on the nation's browsing patterns that inspire more disinformation stories to trigger emotional response from Ukrainians or subvert the society as a whole. The situation gets worse when, instead of creating a clear and transparent information policy and fighting disinformation, government officials, public officers, civil servants, and decision-makers inadvertently become disinformation generators, and politicians spread false and speculative information. Political engagement of the Ukrainian society and continuous efforts to engage audiences in politics and divert their attention by fear mongering are embraced by bot armies that, either for money or interest, feed disinformation even to the people with basic critical thinking skills. The line between true and fake information becomes diluted as verification requires additional time and special skills." (Conclusion)
1 Subject Matter and Content, 4
2 Proliferators and their Motives, 6
3 Conclusions, 9