"Democratic backsliding in recent years has been characterised by gradual, often legalistic shifts, rather than overt actions like coups. Europe is seeing worrying declines in electoral integrity, civil liberties and rule of law. There are several factors driving democratic backsliding in Europe, but we often focus on the most obvious ones. The Philea team has developed the Democracy Iceberg to help philanthropy tackle root causes instead of just symptoms of democratic decline. Foundations have countless opportunities to address the root causes of democratic backsliding. For inspiration, we have compiled a short list of possible actions." (Executive Summary)