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Exit and Voice in a Digital Age: Iran's Exiled Activists and the Authoritarian State

Marcus Michaelsen

Globalizations, volume 13 (2016), pp. 1-17

"This paper shows how digital communication technologies enable new and influence established tactics of state repression beyond borders. Based on interviews with Iranian activists and journalists who were forced to leave the country after the controversial elections of 2009, I analyze mechanisms an ... more

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Desecrating Expression: An Account of Freedom of Expression and Religion in Asia

Gayatri Khandhadai

Bytes for All; Asian Forum for Human Rights & Development; Global Partners Digital (2016), 80 pp.

"This report outlines the international human rights standards and processes related the protection of freedom of expression and religious belief, and discusses regional trends and challenges. The nine country case studies include the stories of many people across the region struggling to defend fre ... more

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The safety of Al Jazeera English journalists in Egypt

Andrea Baker

Global Media Journal - African Edition, volume 10, issue 2 (2016), pp. 68-91

"The imprisonment of Al Jazeera English (AJE) journalists (Australian Peter Greste, Egyptian-Canadian national Mohamed Fahmy, and Egyptian Baher Mohamed) in Egypt between 2013 and 2015 reflected the recent ten agenda items of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNES ... more

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Rise in Censorship of the Internet and Social Media in Africa

William Gumede

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 8, issue 3 (2016), pp. 413-421

"African autocratic regimes have fallen through opposition waged by ordinary citizens through the new platforms of mobile phones, the Internet and social media. It is not surprising therefore that autocratic African leaders and governments will want to restrict these platforms. African governments h ... more

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Attacks on the Press: Gender and Media Freedom Worldwide

Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)

New York: Wiley (2016), xv, 176 pp.

"This book contains a collection of analytical reports by freelance journalists and other experts who have an inside view of global media conditions and anti-press violations related to gender, including digital harassment, discrimination, restricted access to newsmakers, imprisonment, and physical ... more

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The Kidnapping of Journalists: Reporting from High-Risk Conflict Zones

Robert G. Picard, Hannah Storm

London: Tauris (2016), vii, 100 pp.

"This book explores the complex organisational issues surrounding the capture or kidnapping of journalists in areas of conflict and risk. It explores how journalists 'becoming news' is covered and the implications of that coverage, how news organisations prepare for and respond to such events, and h ... more

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Supporting Safety of Journalists in Kenya: An Assessment Based on UNESCO’s Journalists’ Safety Indicators

George Nyabuga

Paris: UNESCO (2016), 106 pp.

"The study finds that Kenyan journalists face serious challenges in the course of their work. Further, both State and non-State actors have contributed to a deteriorating climate for journalists. The number of threats, incidents of harassment and intimidation as well as legal and personal attacks, h ... more

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Freedom of the Press 2016: The Battle for the Dominant Message

Jennifer Dunham

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2016), 28 pp.

"Global press freedom declined to its lowest point in 12 years in 2015, as political, criminal, and terrorist forces sought to co-opt or silence the media in their broader struggle for power. The share of the world’s population that enjoys a Free press stood at just 13 percent, meaning fewer than ... more

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Les impacts de la structure de la propriété des médias sur la couverture médiatique, la représentation politique et le travail du journaliste

Lovamalala Randriatavy, Iloniaina Alain

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2016), 67 pp.

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Freedom of Expression Unfiltered: How Blocking and Filtering Affect Free Speech

London: Article 19 (2016), 26 pp.

"This policy brief is divided into four parts. First, we provide basic definitions and terminology concerning blocking/filtering. This is followed by an outline of relevant international standards on freedom of expression. We then address the fundamental issues underlying the use of filters and bloc ... more

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The Crime of Speech: How Arab Governments Use the Law to Silence Expression Online

Wafa Ben Hassine

Electronic Frontier Foundation (2016), 31 pp.

"I have found that Saudi Arabia and Jordan rely on counterterrorism and cybercrime regulations to prosecute online activism. Egypt uses a new anti-protest law passed in 2014 and Tunisia, in contrast, relies on old defamation and anti-drug laws that have been used for decades prior to the revolution. ... more

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Freedom of Expression and Defamation

Tarlach McGonagle

Onur Andreotti (ed.)

Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2016), 77 pp.

"This study examines the voluminous case law of the European Court of Human Rights (“The Court”) relating to freedom of expression and defamation. It starts by clarifying the concept of defamation and positioning it in relation to freedom of expression and public debate. It explains how defamati ... more

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Press Freedom, Governance, and Culture of Impunity: The Alarming Case of the Philippines

Danilo Araña Arao

4th International Conference on Magsaysay Awardees: Good Governance and Transformative Leadership in Asia (2016), pp. 225-234

"Ending the culture of impunity requires strengthening the culture of resistance. Impunity results in the dearth or absence of press freedom which, in turn, has deleterious effects on the practice of journalism as the people are deprived of relevant information that could help shape public opinion. ... more

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Im Gespinst der Gerüchte

Anjan Sundaram

welt-sichten (2016)

"Journalisten leben in Ruanda gefährlich. Für Kritik am Regime riskieren sie Prügel oder ihr Leben. Von einem, der sich nicht einschüchtern lassen wollte." (Einführung)

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"Keep the People Uninformed": Pre-Election Threats to Free Expression and Association in Uganda

Human Rights Watch (2016), 42 pp.

"[This publication] documents harassment and intimidation by government and ruling party officials against the media and civil society, particularly outside the capital, Kampala. The police, district officials, internal security officials, and the country’s broadcasting regulator visited and calle ... more

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Überwachen und Strafen: Die Verschärfung der Internetkontrolle in Russland

Andrej Soldatov

Osteuropa, volume 66, issue 11-12 (2016), pp. 3-14

"Das Internet war in Russland lange ein Zufluchtsort der kritischen Öffentlichkeit. Hier gab es unabhängige Berichterstattung, als Zeitungen und Fernsehsender schon weitgehend auf Linie gebracht waren. Der Arabische Frühling und die Protestbewegung in Russland 2011/12 änderten dies. Das Putin-Re ... more

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Polarisiert, politisiert und vielfältig: Polens Medien 27 Jahre nach dem Systemwechsel

Katarina Bader, Tomasz Zapart

Osteuropa, volume 66, issue 1-2 (2016), pp. 131-148

"Polens regierende Partei hat Ende 2015 im Eilverfahren den Rundfunkrat entmachtet. Anschließend begann die PiS, wichtige Posten im öffentlichen Rundfunk neu zu besetzen. Kritiker in Polen und anderen EU-Staaten sprechen vom „Ende eines unabhängigen öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunks in Polen“ ... more

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Medienfreiheit unter Druck: Medienregulierung und Medienpolitik in Ungarn

Bernd Holznagel, Polyák Gábor (eds.)

Berlin: Siebenhaar Verlag (2016), 183 pp.

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Ukrainian Media After the EuroMaidan: In Search of Independence and Professional Identity

Dariya Orlova

Publizistik, volume 61, issue 4 (2016), pp. 441-461

"The EuroMaidan protests that shook Ukraine in late 2013 to early 2014 triggered a chain of events that brought numerous changes and challenges for the Ukrainian society. The Ukrainian media landscape has also been affected by the new challenges and impetus for democratization. The post-Maidan perio ... more

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Media Ownership Monitor Tunisia

Reporters Without Borders (2016)

"The Tunisian revolution has left a significant mark on the country’s media landscape, which diversified and played an important role in the transition process. Media diversity, however, does not guarantee the independence of information per se, especially if it remains to be dominated by politica ... more