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Disinformation and Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine: Threats and governance responses

Paris: OECD (2022), 33 pp.

"The spread of disinformation around Russia’s invasion of Ukraine reflects wider challenges related to the shift in how information is produced and distributed. Platform and algorithm designs can amplify the spread of disinformation by facilitating the creation of echo chambers and confirmation bi ... more

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Secuencia didáctica de alfabetización mediática informacional para nivel medio: Combatir la desinformación electoral y promover la participación de los jóvenes en América Latina y el Caribe

Julieta Schisano, Laura Zommer, Milena Rosenzvit

Montevideo: UNESCO (2022), 35 pp.

"En este documento presentamos una secuencia didáctica para que las y los docentes trabajen en el aula sobre las desinformaciones en contextos electorales teniendo en cuenta que las y los adolescentes son parte fundamental de los debates públicos e incluso en varios países pueden ejercer el derec ... more

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Regulation of Harmful Content Online in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Between Freedom of Expression and Harms to Democracy

Anida Sokol, Maja Calovic

Sarajevo: Mediacentar; UNESCO (2022), 108 pp.

"The study specifically focuses on five types of harmful content: a) hate speech and hate narratives; b) denials of war crimes and glorification of war criminals; c) ethno-nationally and/or politically biased media reporting; d) disinformation; and e) attacks, threats and smear campaigns against ind ... more

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Russische Medien in Deutschland. Die Bundestagswahlen 2021 – Zwischen Einflussnahme und Desinformation

Susanne Spahn

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2022), 29 pp.

"Während in Russland immer mehr unabhängige Medien der staatlichen Kontrolle unterworfen und als „ausländische Agenten“ gebrandmarkt werden, nutzen die russischen Staatsmedien die Meinungs- und Pressefreiheit in Deutschland, um ungehindert Desinformation zu verbreiten. Nach acht Jahren Berich ... more

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Meeting the Challenges of Information Disorder in the Global South
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Herman Wasserman (ed.)

Rondebosch: University of Cape Town, Centre for Film and Media Studies; International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2022), 256 pp.

"Despite information disorder being a widespread problem in countries in the Global South, the study of this phenomenon remains dominated by examples, case studies, and models from the Global North. Knowledge about the various manifestations of information disorder, the range of responses, and the s ... more

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Deny, Deceive, Delay: Documenting and Responding to Climate Disinformation at COP26 and Beyond

Jennie King, Lukasz Janulewicz, Francesca Arcostanzo

Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD); CASM Technology (2022), 115 pp.

"In February 2022, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) took an unprecedented step, citing mis- and disinformation and the “politicization of science” as key barriers to action. For the first time, a document accepted by all Member Governments stated that rhetoric from “vested ... more

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Acompanhamento da desinformação durante as eleições 2022

NetLab; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) (2022), 39 slides

"Narrativas de desinformação - principais achados: 1. Entre alegações de fraude e apelos moralistas, a Integridade Eleitoral e os Valores Cristãos despontam como as principais pautas do segundo turno. 2. Parte da relevância dos valores cristãos se dá pelo reenquadramento de outras pautas ger ... more

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The Problem with Pictures: Source Analysis and Fact-Checking in a Time of War

Peter Welchering

Journalism Research, volume 5, issue 2 (2022), pp. 172-182

"Day in, day out, we journalists receive images from combat zones in Ukraine, without knowing whether they are authentic or have been manipulated. It is our job to find out, conducting analysis that takes both time and basic knowledge of image forensics. There are many testing tools and platforms fo ... more

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Addressing COVID-19 Rumors and Behaviors Using Theory in Guyana: A Program Case Study

Bolanle Olapeju, Camille Adams, Joann Simpson, Lyndsey Mitchum, Sean Wilson

Global Health: Science and Practice, volume 10, issue 4 (2022), 11 pp.

"To manage the rapid rise of misleading information on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the pandemic, the Breakthrough ACTION project developed a theory-based rumortracking system to inform Guyana’s COVID-19 communication campaign. The rumor-tracking project used the extended parallel pro ... more

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Countering disinformation for the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms

United Nations Secretary General

United Nations, General Assembly (2022), 19 pp.

"The present report is submitted pursuant to General Assembly resolution 76/227. In it, the Secretary-General describes the challenges posed by disinformation and the responses to it, sets out the relevant international legal framework and discusses measures that States and technology enterprises re ... more

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A Systematic Literature Review on Fake News in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Can AI Propose a Solution?

Tanvir Ahmad, Eyner Arturo Aliaga Lazarte, Seyedali Mirjalili

Applied Sciences , volume 12, issue 12727 (2022), 19 pp.

"This paper aims to unpack a structured overview of previous research topics and findings and identify gaps. Our goal in this systematic review is to (a) synthesize the selected earlier studies, (b) offer researchers a structural framework for future COVID-19 and fake news research, and (c) recommen ... more

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Frontier Influencers: The New Face of China’s Propaganda

Fergus Ryan, Daria Impiombato, Hsi-Ting Pai

Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), International Cyber Policy Centre (2022), 52 pp.

"This report explores how the Chinese party-state's globally focused propaganda and disinformation capabilities are evolving and increasing in sophistication. Concerningly, this emerging approach by the Chinese party-state to influence international discourse on China, including obfuscating its reco ... more

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Una guía para principiantes para establecer una organización de fact-checking en América Latina y el Caribe

Martín Slipczuk

Montevideo: UNESCO (2022), 25 pp.

"El objetivo de la guía es que los interesados en establecer una organización de fact-checking en la región puedan entender conceptos básicos de cómo chequear frases de políticos y desmentir desinformaciones, así como también reciban recomendaciones sobre cómo difundir estas notas y otras s ... more

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Cyber Security Politics: Socio-Technological Transformations and Political Fragmentation

Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Andreas Wenger (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2022), xii, 272 pp.

"Structured along two broad themes and providing empirical examples for how socio-technical changes and political responses interact, the first part of the book looks at the current use of cyberspace in conflictual settings, while the second focuses on political responses by state and non-state acto ... more

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Topic and Sentiment Analysis of Responses to Muslim Clerics’ Misinformation Correction About COVID-19 Vaccine: Comparison of Three Machine Learning Models

Md Enamul Kabir

Online Media and Global Communication, volume 1, issue 3 (2022), pp. 497-523

"This study employed three machine learning algorithms, Naïve Bayes, SVM, and a Balanced Random Forest to build a sentiment model that can detect Muslim sentiment about Muslim clerics’ anti-misinformation campaign on YouTube. Overall, 9701 comments were collected. An LDA-based topic model was als ... more

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Double Standards in Social Media Content Moderation

Angel Díaz, Laura Hecht-Felella

New York: Brennan Center for Justice (2022), 39 pp.

"While social media companies dress their content moderation policies in the language of human rights, their actions are largely driven by business priorities, the threat of government regulation, and outside pressure from the public and the mainstream media. This report demonstrates the impact of c ... more

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#DefendPressFreedom: Paradigm Repair, Role Perceptions and Filipino Journalists’ Counterstrategies to Anti-Media Populism and Delegitimizing Threats

Ayee Macaraig, Michael Hameleers

Journalism Studies, volume 23, issue 16 (2022), pp. 2078-2096

"Through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 Filipino reporters and editors from three influential media outlets that then President Rodrigo Duterte targeted as enemies – the broadcaster ABS-CBN, the newspaper Philippine Daily Inquirer, and the website Rappler – this paper offers novel i ... more

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Digital Enquirer Kit: Guidebook

Denisse Albornoz, Yiorgos Bagakis, Safa Ghnaim Andira et al.

Tactical Tech (2022), 26 pp.

"The Digital Enquirer Kit is an e-learning course focused on preventing the spread of misinformation. The course covers media literacy, verification, as well as how to navigate the internet and research safely. This e-learning course was written for civil society activists, human rights defenders, i ... more

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The Kremlin's Troll Network Never Sleeps: Inauthentic Pro-Kremlin Online Behavior on Facebook in Germany, Italy, Romania and Hungary

Lóránt Gyori, Csaba Molnár, Péter Krekó, Patrik Szicherle et al.

Budapest: Political Capital Institute (2022), 36 pp.

"The research – based on programmatic text-mining supported analyses of several millions of war-related comments scraped by Sentione and further examined with CrowdTangle - found traces of inauthentic, repetitive pro-Kremlin activity on Facebook in all countries under review, which can be consider ... ed attempts to influence public opinion in the affected states and, in some cases, beyond them. Our main conclusions are: Crises help the Kremlin. Even if public opinion in the EU is currently unfavorable to the Kremlin, the onset of high, permanent inflation, soaring energy prices and the looming danger of an EU-wide recession could create a more favorable environment for the Kremlin’s propaganda efforts. Most (covertly) Kremlin-friendly forces will adopt a rhetoric blasting sanctions for harming Europe more than Russia. Importing disinformation narratives. Three out of the four narratives found in Hungary were imported into the country from abroad. One doubting Ukraine’s existence as a country started from an organization connected to Ukrainian pro-Putin oligarch Viktor Medvechuk, taken over by the so-called “news agency” of separatists. Another narrative detailing a new, dictatorial world order based on, among others, COVID-19 restrictions, and led by NATO was aimed at developing countries where Russia can hope to hold more sway. The third essentially took over a trend in the Russian media space: users tried to discredit anti-war voices by asking them “where they were in the past eight years” when Ukraine committed atrocities against minorities. Strategies in Germany: Divide and Rule. The six relevant narratives we found in Germany employed three different strategies. The first was anti-Westernism, where the US and NATO are to blame for Russia’s attack. The second aimed clearly at generating debates by spreading a Kremlin-critical narrative. Some profiles involved in this were caught disseminating both pro-Kremlin and anti-Kremlin narratives, which indicates it is not intended to counter the Kremlin’s information operation but to be a part of it. The third strategy was about exploiting contemporary events - such as heightened discussions on sanctions and rising inflation." (Executive summary) more

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Disinformation Against UN Peacekeeping Operations

Albert Trithart

New York: International Peace Institute (IPI) (2022), 15 pp.

"Over the past few years, a growing barrage of disinformation has targeted UN peacekeeping operations, particularly the missions in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA), Mali (MINUSMA), and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO). This includes false allegations that UN peacekeepers are tra ... more

Meeting the Challenges of Information Disorder in the Global South Top Insights

Meeting the Challenges of Information Disorder in the Global South
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