War and Conflict

Reporting the MENA as Conflict: Political Influences, Routine Practices, and Journalists' Struggles in the Field

Claudia Kozman

In: The Routledge Companion to Journalism in the Global South

Bruce Mutsvairo, Saba Bebawi, Eddy Borges-Rey (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 260-268

"Working in a conflict-ridden region, journalists in the Middle East have always struggled to report fairly and accurately while keeping in mind the power structures in their countries. For these journalists, practicing journalism in mostly authoritative governments has meant facing additional hurdl ... more

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Post-traumatic Mental and Physical Consequences of Frontline Reporting in the MENA Region

Lakhdar Chadli, Farooq Muhammad Haq, Ahmed Okasha, Rafik Attou

Open Public Health Journal, volume 15 (2023), 12 pp.

"Background: A current need in journalistic frontline work is to understand the potential psychological and physical traumatic consequences that may result from on-duty appointments. Journalists are active in frontline zones to report on conflicts, crises, and natural disasters. In the Middle East a ... more

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Reality on the Ground: Exploring News Production Practices by Syrian Journalists in Times of Conflict

Tania Ouariachi, Lidia Peralta

Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 2 (2023), pp. 283-299

"While most research on the Syrian revolution has been focussing on content analysis about how Western mainstream media cover and frame the conflict, this paper aims at exploring journalistic practices by Syrian journalists. We look at three concrete aspects: the socio-labor profile of the practitio ... more

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Modelling the impact of safety threats on professional journalistic reporting of protests by Indigenous People of Biafra among Nigerian journalists

Verlumun Celestine Gever, Felix Olajide Talabi, Ayodeji Boluwatife Aiyesimoju, Samson Adedapo Bello, Prosper Nunayon Zannu, Joshua Kayode Okunade, Peter Nwokolo

Journal of International Communication, volume 29, issue 2 (2023), pp. 234-252

"This study aimed to determine the impact of safety challenges on professional journalistic reporting of IPOB protests in Nigeria. A total of 400 Nigerian journalists who were covering IPOB activities were surveyed. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), multivariate an ... more

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Reporting Conflict from Afar: Journalists, Social Media, Communication Technologies, and War

Britt Christensen, Ali Khalil

Journalism Practice, volume 17, issue 2 (2023), pp. 300-318

"We conducted interviews with conflict journalists who covered the conflicts in Syria, Yemen, Libya, and Iraq and who work for the major international news agencies and media companies. These journalists did most of their reporting from remote locations as the conflict zones were too dangerous to be ... more

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Perception of journalists reporting in conflict zones: Labour situation, working conditions and main challenges in information coverage in contexts of violence

Santiago Tejedor, Laura Cervi, Fernanda Tusa

Media, War & Conflict, volume 15, issue 4 (2022), pp. 530–552

"A total of 324 journalists have been killed in the world in the last decade. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the situation is alarming. Based on these statistics, this work presents an investigation with journalists from 10 countries. Based on in-depth interviews and the Delphi method, the stud ... more

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Covering conflict: Safety, sanity and responsibility

Jonathan Munro

In: Insights on Peace and Conflict Reporting

Kristin Skare Orgeret (ed.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), 13 pp.

"The chapter reflects upon reporting conflict based on the author’s own experiences from several decades in the field. Exploring the assessments being made around risk and safety as Head of Newsgathering at the BBC, decisions which have echoes in the themes of this book. Through a personal practic ... more

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Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflict: An Insight from the Perspective of International Humanitarian Law

Pukar Dahal

GPH-International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, volume 4, issue 6 (2021), pp. 21-30

"War journalism, by the nature of its work, is arguably one of the most dangerous professions in the world. Journalists working in conflict-prone areas are constantly exposed to the inherent threats of the battlefield. Over the period of time, there has been a number of attacks, assaults, and arrest ... more

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Could Combat Stress Affect Journalists’ News Reporting? A Psychophysiological Response

José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera, José Juan Robles-Pérez, Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez

Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, volume 45, issue 4 (2020), pp. 231-239

"Covering war conflicts may compromise the psychological and physical health of journalists because chronic exposure to these environments has been related to depression, memory dissociative processes, and post-traumatic stress disorder; however, acute effects have not been studied yet. Thus, a comb ... more

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Psychological distress in Afghan journalists: A descriptive study

Jonas Osmann, Abdul Mujeeb Khalvatgar, Anthony Feinstein

Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, volume 2, issue 3 (2020), pp. 115-123

"Afghanistan is one of the world’s most dangerous places for journalists. There are, however, no data on the mental health of Afghan journalists covering conflict in their country. The study aims to determine the degree to which Afghan journalists are exposed to traumatic events, their perceptions ... more

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The danger of words: Major challenges facing Myanmar journalists on reporting the Rohingya conflict

Nyan Lynn

Media Asia, volume 47, issue 1 (2020), pp. 4-22

"Due to the fighting between the Myanmar Army and the Rohingya militant group Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) in August 2017, hundreds of thousands of stateless Rohingya Muslims fled to Bangladesh. The Myanmar Army was accused of committing torture, atrocities, arson and gang-rapes against the ... more

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Reporting in Conflict Zones in Pakistan: Risks and Challenges for Fixers

Kiyya Baloch, Kenneth Andresen

Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 37-46

"As a backbone of reporting in war and conflicts, fixers offer essential assistance to the foreign correspondent in conflict zones, also in Pakistan. With valuable local knowledge and contacts, fixers can arrange travel to secure entry of foreign correspondents into conflict zones in addition to sec ... more

Emphasizing Journalistic Safety while Reporting in a Conflict Zone: A Case Study of Tribal Areas of Pakistan

Kashmir Khan, Bakht Zaman, Rahman Ullah

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, volume 27, issue 1 (2019), pp. 63-80

"This research paper is designed to examine the problems being faced by the journalists in two of the newly merged tribal districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Khyber District and Mohmand District). The researchers used survey method for data collection. A designed structured questionnaire from the respo ... more

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Journalism under pressure in conflict zones: A study of journalists and editors in seven countries

Marte Høiby, Rune Ottosen

Media, War & Conflict, volume 12, issue 1 (2019), pp. 69-86

"Through interviews with 100 journalists and editors in seven countries, the authors examine safety as the main challenge for journalists covering war and conflict in both local and international contexts. The article places a particular focus on the situation for Filipino and Norwegian journalists. ... more

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The Fixers: Local News Workers and the Underground Labor of International Reporting

Lindsay Palmer

New York: Oxford University Press (2019), viii, 226 pp.

"Though news fixers are vital to the practice of international reporting-helping journalists to understand foreign languages, set up compelling interviews, and navigate unfamiliar terrain-their role is rarely made transparent to news audiences. Without news fixers, journalists would struggle to cove ... more

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Safety culture changing visual representations of wars? The case of Afghanistan

Saumava Mitra

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 18, issue 1 (2019), 13 pp.

"In international conflict correspondence safety mechanisms are unequally employed to protect local news-staffs in contrast to international staffs. Arguably, this has had the greatest impact on image production from war zones, exposing local photojournalists to increased dangers. But it also raises ... more

Human Security as a Conceptual Framework: The Case of Palestinian Journalists

Carol B. Schwalbe, Jeannine E. Relly, Sally Ann Cruikshank, Ethan H. Schwalbe

Journalism Studies, volume 13 (2019), pp. 1920-1939

"This exploratory study introduces a human security framework to examine the challenges that journalists face from daily professional and societal constraints and pressures when attempting to fulfill their role to inform the public in areas of conflict. The research focuses on the influences on Pale ... more

Socio-Psychological Effects on Media Professional Standards during Military Operations in Pakistan

Rooh ul Amin Khan, Zahid Yousaf

Global Social Sciences Review, volume 4, issue 2 (2019), pp. 269-275

"While using qualitative and quantitative techniques, this study analyzes the issues and challenges faced by the journalists while working in the areas going under military operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and FATA. Based on the hierarchy of influences model, a survey was conducted in Wazirista ... more

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